ReviewAllergy, asthma & immunology research2013
Diagnosis and management of grain-induced asthma.
Review in Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic andFood chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Wheat Allergy: Clinical Phenotypes, Diagnostic Approaches, and Management Strategies.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2026Review
- A 21-Year Perspective on Occupational Skin and Respiratory Diseases Among Food Handlers.La Medicina del lavoro · 2025Article
- Occupational Respiratory Allergy to Flour in the Modern Era.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- The Relationship Between Asthma and Food Allergies in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Respiratory Diseases Associated With Organic Dust Exposure.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024Review
- Vegan diets from an allergy point of view - Position paper of the DGAKI working group on food allergy.Allergologie select · 2023Article
- Article
- Occupational Respiratory Allergy: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Article
- Diagnostic management of patients reporting symptoms after wheat ingestion.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- The Identification and Characterization of Immunoreactive Fungal Proteins Recognized by Sera from Zimbabweans Sensitized to Fungi.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2022Article
- Wheat/Gluten-Related Disorders and Gluten-Free Diet Misconceptions: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Longitudinal predictors of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and FEVInternational archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
- Upper and Lower Respiratory Signs and Symptoms in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Flour Dust.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Occupational asthma and rhinitis due to wheat flour: sublingual specific immunotherapy treatment.La Medicina del lavoro · 2020Article
- Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Asthma Symptoms in Bakeries at Parakou, Benin.Pulmonary medicine · 2020Article
- Transforming growth factor-β1 and eosinophil-derived neurotoxins contribute to the development of work-related respiratory symptoms in bakery workers.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2019Article
- Asthma and Food Allergy: Which Risks?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
- Addressing Molecular Diagnosis of Occupational Allergies.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Grain-induced asthma is a frequent occupational allergic disease mainly caused by inhalation of cereal flour or powder. The main professions affected are bakers, confectioners, pastry factory workers, millers, farmers, and cereal handlers. This disorder is usually due to an IgE-mediated allergic response to inhalation of cereal flour proteins. The major causative allergens of grain-related asthma are proteins derived from wheat, rye and barley flour, although baking additives, such as fungal α-amylase are also important. This review deals with the current diagnosis and treatment of grain-induced asthma, emphasizing the role of cereal allergens as molecular tools to enhance diagnosis and management of this disorder. Asthma-like symptoms caused by endotoxin exposure among grain workers are beyond the scope of this review. Progress is being made in the characterization of grain and bakery allergens, particularly cereal-derived allergens, as well as in the standardization of allergy tests. Salt-soluble proteins (albumins plus globulins), particularly members of the α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family, thioredoxins, peroxidase, lipid transfer protein and other soluble enzymes show the strongest IgE reactivities in wheat flour. In addition, prolamins (not extractable by salt solutions) have also been claimed as potential allergens. However, the large variability of IgE-binding patterns of cereal proteins among patients with grain-induced asthma, together with the great differences in the concentrations of potential allergens observed in commercial cereal extracts used for diagnosis, highlight the necessity to standardize and improve the diagnostic tools. Removal from exposure to the offending agents is the cornerstone of the management of grain-induced asthma. The availability of purified allergens should be very helpful for a more refined diagnosis, and new immunomodulatory treatments, including allergen immunotherapy and biological drugs, should aid in the management of patients with this disorder.
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