ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2014
CCR5 expression is reduced in lymph nodes of HIV type 1-infected women, compared with men, but does not mediate sex-based differences in viral loads.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Tamoxifen on Vorinostat-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Expression in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5366, The MOXIE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The impact of sex on HIV immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Multiancestry sex-stratified genomic associations with HIV viral load and controller status from the ICGH.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in HIV Infection.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of CCR5 Delta 32 Genetic Variant in the Turkmen Population of Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Follicular regulatory T cells eliminate HIV-1-infected follicular helper T cells in an IL-2 concentration dependent manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism: a possible protective factor for post-stroke depressive symptoms.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2021Article
- Tissue-specific differences in HIV DNA levels and mechanisms that govern HIV transcription in blood, gut, genital tract and liver in ART-treated women.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir Activity and Residual Immune Activation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Follicular Regulatory T Cells Are Highly Permissive to R5-Tropic HIV-1.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Relationship Between Genital Drug Concentrations and Cervical Cellular Immune Activation and Reconstitution in HIV-1-Infected Women on a Raltegravir Versus a Boosted Atazanavir Regimen.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Observational
- Distinct patterns of Bcl-2 expression occur in R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1-producing lymphoid tissue cells infected ex vivo.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women have lower viral loads than men but similar rates of disease progression. We hypothesized that sex-based differences in CCR5 expression mediate viral load differences.
methodsCCR5 was analyzed by flow cytometry in disaggregated lymph node cells from untreated HIV-1-infected women (n = 28) and men (n = 27). The frequencies of HIV-1 RNA-producing cells in the lymph node were determined by in situ hybridization. Linear and generalized linear regression models were used.
resultsThe percentage of CCR5(+)CD3(+)CD4(+) cells was lower in women (mean, 12%) than men (mean, 16%; P = .034). Neither the percentage of CCR5(+)CD3(+)CD4(+) cells nor the CCR5 density predicted viral load or HIV-1 RNA-producing lymph node cells (P ≥ .24), after adjusting for CD4(+) T-cell count, race, and age. Women had marginally fewer HIV-1 RNA-producing cells (mean, 0.21 cells/mm(2)) than men (mean, 0.44 cells/mm(2); P = .046). After adjusting for the frequency of HIV-1 RNA-producing cells and potential confounders, the viral load in women were 0.46 log10 copies/mL lower than that in men (P = .018).
conclusionsReduced lymph node CCR5 expression in women did not account for the viral load difference between sexes. CCR5 expression did not predict viral load or frequencies of HIV-1 RNA-producing cells, indicating that physiologic levels of CCR5 do not limit HIV-1 replication in lymph node. Less plasma virus was associated with each HIV-1 RNA-producing cell in women as compared to men, suggesting that women may either produce fewer virions per productively infected cell or more effectively clear extracellular virus.
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