ReviewViruses2013
The innate immune playbook for restricting West Nile virus infection.
Review in Viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Inflammatory Response Associated with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- Severe Usutu Virus Encephalitis Treated With Corticosteroids: A Case Report.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- CD11b maintains West Nile virus replication through modulation of immune response in human neuroblastoma cells.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Abnormal phase separation of biomacromolecules in human diseases.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Review
- Review
- Network meta-analysis of transcriptome expression changes in different manifestations of dengue virus infection.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Multi-platform omics analysis reveals molecular signature for COVID-19 pathogenesis, prognosis and drug target discovery.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Article
- Unique Cytokine Response in West Nile Virus Patients Who Developed Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Viruses · 2021Article
- Current Efforts in the Development of Vaccines for the Prevention of Zika and Chikungunya Virus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Zika Virus Inhibits IFN-α Response by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Induces NS1-Dependent Triggering of CD303 (BDCA-2) Signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects provided by omega-3 (DHA) against Zika virus infection in human SH-SY5Y cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- An Acute Stress Model in New Zealand White Rabbits Exhibits Altered Immune Response to Infection with West Nile Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Associations between the presence of specific antibodies to the West Nile Virus infection and candidate genes in Romanian horses from the Danube delta.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
- West Nile virus infection and interferon alpha treatment alter the spectrum and the levels of coding and noncoding host RNAs secreted in extracellular vesicles.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- West Nile Virus-Inclusive Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity in the Type I Interferon Response within Single Cells.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- The pathogenesis of microcephaly resulting from congenital infections: why is my baby's head so small?European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Review
- The immunology of Zika Virus.F1000Research · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes annual epidemics of encephalitic disease throughout the world. Despite the ongoing risk to public health, no approved vaccines or therapies exist for use in humans to prevent or combat WNV infection. The innate immune response is critical for controlling WNV replication, limiting virus-induced pathology, and programming protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity to WNV infection. The RIG-I like receptors, Toll-like receptors, and Nod-like receptors detect and respond to WNV by inducing a potent antiviral defense program, characterized by production of type I IFN, IL-1β and expression of antiviral effector genes. Recent research efforts have focused on uncovering the mechanisms of innate immune sensing, antiviral effector genes that inhibit WNV, and countermeasures employed by WNV to antagonize innate immune cellular defenses. In this review, we highlight the major research findings pertaining to innate immune regulation of WNV infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.