ArticleCancer research2013
OX40 is a potent immune-stimulating target in late-stage cancer patients.
Article in Cancer research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 257 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
257 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 504 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vivo human keyhole limpet hemocyanin challenge in early phase drug development: A systematic review.Clinical and translational science · 2023Pooled it
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- First-in-human phase I/II, open-label study of the anti-OX40 agonist INCAGN01949 in patients with advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Trial
- B cells in cancer: functions, mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- First-in-human study of intravenous bispecific CTLA-4 × OX40 antibody (ATOR-1015) in advanced solid malignancies.ESMO open · 2026Article
- Immunogenic tumor cell death and T-cell-derived IFN-γ elicit tumoricidal macrophages to potentiate OX40 immunotherapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- HFB301001, an OX40-based immunotherapy, drives Treg clearance and CTL activation through optimized OX40 receptor clustering.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Cellular and Molecular Differences Between Myxofibrosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- OX40 signaling in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of action, translational applications, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- OX40L and IL-2 combination strategy for gastric cancer immunotherapy.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- 2240 nm NIR-IV Photodynamic Therapy Can Reverse Ineffective Anti-OX40 Cancer Immunotherapy to Become Effective.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Dual targeting OX40 and IL-2 receptor enhances antitumor activity through tumor-infiltrating Treg depletion and CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cell and endothelial cell crosstalk.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Anti-OX40 antibody BAT6026 in patients with advanced solid tumors: A multi-center phase I study.iScience · 2025Article
- A Critical Review of Immunomodulation in the Management of Inoperable Stage III NSCLC.Cancers · 2025Review
- Enhanced durability of a Zika virus self-amplifying RNA vaccine through combinatorial OX40 and 4-1BB agonism.JCI insight · 2025Article
- First-in-human, phase 1 dose escalation study of SL-279252, a hexameric PD1-Fc-OX40L fusion protein, in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphoma.Investigational new drugs · 2025Article
- A Phase I Clinical Trial Adding OX40 Agonism to In Situ Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination in Patients with Low-Grade B-cell Lymphoma Highlights Challenges in Translation from Mouse to Human Studies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Advances in Cell and Immune Therapies for Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- OX-40 signaling promotes tumorigenesis in CTCL by regulating ERK activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
197 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
OX40 is a potent costimulatory receptor that can potentiate T-cell receptor signaling on the surface of T lymphocytes, leading to their activation by a specifically recognized antigen. In particular, OX40 engagement by ligands present on dendritic cells dramatically increases the proliferation, effector function, and survival of T cells. Preclinical studies have shown that OX40 agonists increase antitumor immunity and improve tumor-free survival. In this study, we performed a phase I clinical trial using a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) that agonizes human OX40 signaling in patients with advanced cancer. Patients treated with one course of the anti-OX40 mAb showed an acceptable toxicity profile and regression of at least one metastatic lesion in 12 of 30 patients. Mechanistically, this treatment increased T and B cell responses to reporter antigen immunizations, led to preferential upregulation of OX40 on CD4(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and increased the antitumor reactivity of T and B cells in patients with melanoma. Our findings clinically validate OX40 as a potent immune-stimulating target for treatment in patients with cancer, providing a generalizable tool to favorably influence the antitumor properties of circulating T cells, B cells, and intratumoral regulatory T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.