ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2014
Cholecystokinin and pancreatic cancer: the chicken or the egg?
Review in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Dynamic remodeling of the pancreas immune landscape in obesity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effects of Proglumide with Chemotherapy on the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment: Phase 1 PROGEM Trial.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- CCK-1R-selective and non-selective cholecystokinin antagonists, lorglumide, and proglumide increased toxicity of carboplatin to granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) of bone marrow of rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Target-Specific Locked Nucleic Acid Gapmer Decreases Growth and Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Elucidation of roles of serine/threonine phosphatases PP1 and PP2A in mediating CCK-stimulated growth and enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Tumorigenesis from Serum Proteins.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Membrane Lipid Derivatives: Roles of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Case-Control Study Based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Cholecystokinin-B Receptor-Targeted Nanoparticle for Imaging and Detection of Precancerous Lesions in the Pancreas.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Article
- Genetic Inactivation of Peroxiredoxin-I Impairs the Growth of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist Therapy Decreases Inflammation and Fibrosis in Chronic Pancreatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2020Article
- Pancreatic Cancer and Its Microenvironment-Recent Advances and Current Controversies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- Vaccine against gastrin, a polyclonal antibody stimulator, decreases pancreatic cancer metastases.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2019Article
- Insights into Effects/Risks of Chronic Hypergastrinemia and Lifelong PPI Treatment in Man Based on Studies of Patients with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Gastrin vaccine improves response to immune checkpoint antibody in murine pancreatic cancer by altering the tumor microenvironment.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) causes the release of pancreatic digestive enzymes and growth of the normal pancreas. Exogenous CCK administration has been used in animal models to study pancreatitis and also as a promoter of carcinogen-induced or Kras-driven pancreatic cancer. Defining CCK receptors in normal human pancreas has been problematic because of its retroperitoneal location, high concentrations of pancreatic proteases, and endogenous RNase. Most studies indicate that the predominant receptor in human pancreas is the CCK-B type, and CCK-A is the predominant form in rodent pancreas. In pancreatic cancer cells and tumors, the role of CCK is better established because receptors are often overexpressed by these cancer cells and stimulation of such receptors promotes growth. Furthermore, in established cancer, endogenous production of CCK and/or gastrin occurs and their actions stimulate the synthesis of more receptors plus growth by an autocrine mechanism. Initially it was thought that the mechanism by which CCK served to potentiate carcinogenesis was by interplay with inflammation in the pancreatic microenvironment. But with the recent findings of CCK receptors on early PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia) lesions and on stellate cells, the question has been raised that perhaps CCK actions are not the result of cancer but an early driving promoter of cancer. This review will summarize what is known regarding CCK, its receptors, and pancreatic cancer, and also what is unknown and requires further investigation to determine which comes first, the chicken or the egg, "CCK or the cancer."
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.