ArticleCytotherapy2014
Genetically engineered fixed K562 cells: potent "off-the-shelf" antigen-presenting cells for generating virus-specific T cells.
Article in Cytotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered artificial antigen-presenting cells for tumor immunotherapy: Design strategies, clinical applications, and translational challenges.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- The ExoGAN generative AI framework enables extracellular vesicle-based immunotherapy.Research square · 2025Article
- Genetically engineered K562 cells augment NK cell cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia and reduce dependency on IL-15.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Rapid parallel reconstruction and specificity screening of hundreds of T cell receptors.Nature protocols · 2025Review
- Assessment of antigen immunogenicity formulated in minigenes transfected into antigen-presenting cells.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effect of Cellular-Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells Expressing ICOSL, in T-cell Subtypes Differentiation and Activation.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2021Article
- Manufacturing genetically modified T cells for clinical trials.Cancer gene therapy · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND
aimsThe human leukemia cell line K562 represents an attractive platform for creating artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC). It is readily expandable, does not express human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II and can be stably transduced with various genes.
methodsIn order to generate cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy, we transduced K562 with HLA-A∗0201 in combination with co-stimulatory molecules.
resultsIn preliminary experiments, irradiated K562 expressing HLA-A∗0201 and 4-1BBL pulsed with CMV pp65 and IE-1 peptide libraries failed to elicit antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells in HLA-A∗0201⁺ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or isolated T cells. Both wild-type K562 and aAPC strongly inhibited T cell proliferation to the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and OKT3 and in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Transwell experiments suggested that suppression was mediated by a soluble factor; however, MLR inhibition was not reversed using transforming growth factor-β blocking antibody or prostaglandin E2 inhibitors. Full abrogation of the suppressive activity of K562 on MLR, SEB and OKT3 stimulation was only achieved by brief fixation with 0.1% formaldehyde. Fixed, pp65 and IE-1 peptide-loaded aAPC induced robust expansion of CMV-specific T cells.
conclusionsFixed gene-modified K562 can serve as effective aAPC to expand CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for therapeutic use in patients after stem cell transplantation. Our findings have implications for broader understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms used by leukemia and other tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.