Trial reportNutrition research (New York, N.Y.)2013
Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability.
Trial report in Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- First Evidence-Based Guideline for Interventions in FASD.Neuropediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Choline enhances elicited imitation memory performance in preschool children with prenatal alcohol exposure: a cumulative report of 3 randomized controlled trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: corpus callosum white matter microstructure and neurocognitive outcomes.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Trial
- Executive and Social Functioning Across Development in Children and Adolescents With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Trial
- Four-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Trial
- Persistent Changes in Stress-Regulatory Genes in Pregnant Women or Children Exposed Prenatally to Alcohol.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Trial
- Feasibility and Acceptability of Maternal Choline Supplementation in Heavy Drinking Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Trial
- Efficacy of Maternal Choline Supplementation During Pregnancy in Mitigating Adverse Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Growth and Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Trial
- Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Trial
- The Gut-Brain Axis in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Why the Gut Shapes Behavior, Depression, and Self-Injurious Behavior in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure-A Narrative Review with a Proposal for Staged Nutritional and Microbiological Intervention.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Maternal Choline Supplementation in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease Generates Unique Expression Profile Mosaics Within Three Hippocampal Excitatory Neuronal Populations.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- ACSS2 mediates prenatal alcohol exposure-related morphological and behavioral phenotypes.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Benefits of Maternal Choline Supplementation on Aged Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons (BFCNs) in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Chromatin accessibility and H3K9me3 landscapes reveal long-term epigenetic effects of fetal-neonatal iron deficiency in rat hippocampus.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Novel Interventions on Comorbidities in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): An Integrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Dietary soy prevents fetal demise, intrauterine growth restriction, craniofacial dysmorphic features, and impairments in placentation linked to gestational alcohol exposure: Pivotal role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling networks.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Nutrient Supplementation during the Prenatal Period in Substance-Using Mothers: A Narrative Review of the Effects on Offspring Development.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There are no biological treatments for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), lifelong conditions associated with physical anomalies, brain damage, and neurocognitive abnormalities. In preclinical studies, choline partially ameliorates memory and learning deficits from prenatal alcohol exposure. This phase I pilot study evaluated the feasibility, tolerability, and potential adverse effects of choline supplementation in children with FASD. We hypothesized that choline would be well tolerated with minimal adverse events. The study design was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants included 20 children aged 2.5 to 4.9 years with prenatal alcohol exposure and FASD diagnoses. Participants were randomly assigned to 500 mg choline or placebo daily for 9 months (10 active, 10 placebo). Primary outcome measures included feasibility, tolerability, adverse effects, and serum choline levels. Seventeen participants completed the study. Compliance was 82% to 87%, as evidenced by parent-completed log sheets and dose counts. Periodic 24-hour dietary recalls showed no evidence of dietary confounding. Adverse events were minimal and were equivalent in the active and placebo arms with the exception of fishy body odor, which occurred only in the active group. There were no serious adverse events to research participants. This phase I pilot study demonstrates that choline supplementation at 500 mg/d for 9 months in children aged 2 to 5 years is feasible and has high tolerability. Further examination of the efficacy of choline supplementation in FASD is currently underway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.