Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Excessive state switching underlies reversal learning deficits in cocaine users.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review on exploration-exploitation trade-off in psychiatric disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A Preliminary Study of Smoking Abstinence Effects on Acquisition and Reversal Learning in a Probabilistic Learning Task.Substance use & misuse · 2026Trial
- Neural Signatures of Cognitive Flexibility and Reward Sensitivity Following Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation in Dependent Smokers: A Randomized Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Frontal tDCS reduces alcohol relapse rates by increasing connections from left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to addiction networks.Brain stimulationTrial
- The relationship between regular substance use and cost comparisons in stable and volatile learning contexts.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Computational modeling of reversal learning impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals shared failure to exploit rewards.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Do empirically-derived personality subtypes relate to cognitive inflexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?Journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- Computational analysis of probabilistic reversal learning deficits in male subjects with alcohol use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Unlocking the reinforcement-learning circuits of the orbitofrontal cortex.Behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- A cross-species assessment of behavioral flexibility in compulsive disorders.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Prior Cocaine Use Alters the Normal Evolution of Information Coding in Striatal Ensembles during Value-Guided Decision-Making.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Substance use is associated with reduced devaluation sensitivity.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2019Review
- Addiction and Dopamine: Sex Differences and Insights from Studies of Smoking.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impaired behavioral adaptation in alcohol dependence.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2017Article
- The temporal dynamics of reversal learning: P3 amplitude predicts valence-specific behavioral adjustment.Physiology & behavior · 2016Article
- Impaired Bayesian learning for cognitive control in cocaine dependence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Test-retest reliability of computational parameters versus manifest behavior for decisional flexibility in psychosis.Psychological assessmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMarkers of chronic cocaine exposure on neural mechanisms in animals and humans is of great interest. The probabilistic reversal-learning task may be an effective way to examine dysfunction associated with cocaine addiction. However the exact nature of the performance deficits observed in cocaine users has yet to be disambiguated.
methodData from a probabilistic reversal-learning task performed by 45 cocaine users and 41 controls was compared and fit to a Bayesian hidden Markov model (HMM).
resultsCocaine users demonstrated the predicted performance deficit in achieving the reversal criterion relative to controls. The deficit appeared to be due to excessive switching behavior as evidenced by responsivity to false feedback and spontaneous switching. This decision-making behavior could be captured by a single parameter in an HMM and did not require an additional parameter to represent perseverative errors.
conclusionsCocaine users are characterized by excessive switching behavior on the reversal-learning task. While there may be a compulsive component to behavior on this task, impulsive decision-making may be more relevant to observed impairment. This is important in building diagnostic tools to quantify the degree to which each type of dysfunction is present in individuals, and may play a role in developing treatments for those dysfunctions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.