ArticlePsychological medicine2014
Temporal discounting in major depressive disorder.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A multinational analysis of how emotions relate to economic decisions regarding time or risk.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Multiple Facets of Value-Based Decision Making in Major Depressive Disorder.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Multiple Facets of Value-Based Decision Making in Major Depressive Disorder.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Linking childhood adversity with borderline and depressive symptoms: the role of reward processing.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Neural Markers of Reward Valuation and Impulsive Decision-Making in Mania Risk.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Genoeconomics of Impulsive Intertemporal Choice: A Critical Review.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Review
- Delay discounting correlates with depression but does not predict relapse after antidepressant discontinuation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Depressive symptoms and intertemporal decision-making in adolescents: the indirect role of future self-continuity.Australian journal of psychology · 2026Article
- Scoping review of episodic future thinking and delay discounting observed in Alzheimer's disease, depression, and PTSD.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- From Neural Circuits to Behavior: Examining the Central Role of Anhedonia in Major Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Rethinking Resting Heart Rate Variability: No Evidence of Association With Self-Regulation and Psychopathology in a Cross-Sectional Study Among Adolescents in Colombia, Nepal, and South Africa.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- Exploring risky decision-making dynamics during antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder: a computational modeling approach.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- A computational approach to understanding effort-based decision-making in depression.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- A nonlinear relationship between prediction errors and learning rates in human reinforcement-learning.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- A computational approach to understanding effort-based decision-making in depression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Delay Discounting and Risk Tolerance in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Results From the Global OCD Study.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Lesions to Different Regions of the Frontal Cortex Have Dissociable Effects on Voluntary Persistence in Humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Selective impairment and a positive recognition bias of the facial emotion recognition after propofol anesthesia during gastrointestinal endoscopy.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Cognitive effort devaluation and the salience network: a computational model of amotivation in depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with abnormalities in financial reward processing. Previous research suggests that patients with MDD show reduced sensitivity to frequency of financial rewards. However, there is a lack of conclusive evidence from studies investigating the evaluation of financial rewards over time, an important aspect of reward processing that influences the way people plan long-term investments. Beck's cognitive model posits that patients with MDD hold a negative view of the future that may influence the amount of resources patients are willing to invest into their future selves.
methodWe administered a delay discounting task to 82 participants: 29 healthy controls, 29 unmedicated participants with fully remitted MDD (rMDD) and 24 participants with current MDD (11 on medication).
resultsPatients with current MDD, relative to remitted patients and healthy subjects, discounted large-sized future rewards at a significantly higher rate and were insensitive to changes in reward size from medium to large. There was a main effect of clinical group on discounting rates for large-sized rewards, and discounting rates for large-sized rewards correlated with severity of depressive symptoms, particularly hopelessness.
conclusionsHigher discounting of delayed rewards in MDD seems to be state dependent and may be a reflection of depressive symptoms, specifically hopelessness. Discounting distant rewards at a higher rate means that patients are more likely to choose immediate financial options. Such impairments related to long-term investment planning may be important for understanding value-based decision making in MDD, and contribute to ongoing functional impairment.
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