ReviewWorld journal of virology2012
West Nile virus: A re-emerging pathogen revisited.
Review in World journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis.BMC veterinary research · 2016Pooled it
- West Nile virus infection in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2015Guideline
- Article
- Article
- Protein NS4A of ZIKV Inhibits Glycolytic Flux by Targeting Enolase-1.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Human antibodies against West Nile and related orthoflaviviruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus: Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Prophylaxis with a Comparative Insight from Italy and Iran.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Interplay between flaviviruses and the interferon response: mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Meteorological and environmental drivers of West Nile virus prevalence in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Emilia-Romagna, Italy in 2013 to 2022.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Laboratory evidence on the vector competence of European field-captured Culex theileri for circulating West Nile virus lineages 1 and 2.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- RNA elements required for the high efficiency of West Nile virus-induced ribosomal frameshifting.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Molecular and Serological Surveillance of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Racehorses or Mosquitoes From Horse Farms in Shanghai, China, 2022.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Biosensors for the detection of flaviviruses: A review.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Flavivirus NS4B proteins do not form homodimers: discrepancies with an AlphaFold-based oligomeric model.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- An Update on the Entomology, Virology, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology Status of West Nile and Dengue Viruses in Europe (2018-2023).Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Review
- Flavivirus Zika NS4A protein forms large oligomers in liposomes and in mild detergent.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The dynamic landscape of emerging viral infections.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- West Nile Virus Monitoring in Flanders (Belgium) During 2022-2023 Reveals Endemic Usutu Virus Circulation in Birds.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- The Ongoing Epidemic of West Nile Virus in Greece: The Contribution of Biological Vectors and Reservoirs and the Importance of Climate and Socioeconomic Factors Revisited.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is maintained in nature in an enzootic transmission cycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, although the virus occasionally infects other vertebrates. WNV causes sporadic disease outbreaks in horses and humans, which may result in febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis and flaccid paralysis. Until recently, its medical and veterinary health concern was relatively low; however, the number, frequency and severity of outbreaks with neurological consequences in humans and horses have lately increased in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. Since its introduction in the Americas, the virus spread across the continent with worrisome consequences in bird mortality and a considerable number of outbreaks among humans and horses, which have resulted in the largest epidemics of neuroinvasive WNV disease ever documented. Surprisingly, its incidence in human and animal health is very different in Central and South America, and the reasons for it are not yet understood. Even though great advances have been obtained lately regarding WNV infection, and although efficient equine vaccines are available, no specific treatments or vaccines for human use are on the market. This review updates the most recent investigations in different aspects of WNV life cycle: molecular virology, transmission dynamics, host range, clinical presentations, epidemiology, ecology, diagnosis, control, and prevention, and highlights some aspects that certainly require further research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.