ArticleInternational journal of sports physical therapy2013
Glenohumeral motion deficits: friend or foe?
Article in International journal of sports physical therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07192003 (Comparison of the Immediate Effect of Flossband and Mobilization With Movement on Shoulder Mobility in Volleyball Athletes), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of the Immediate Effect of Flossband and Mobilization With Movement on Shoulder Mobility in Volleyball Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of modified sleeper stretch and modified cross-body stretch on upper limb functions and shoulder ROM in tennis players: a randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Within-Session Sequence of the Tennis Serve Training in Youth Elite Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Efficacy of throwing exercise with TheraBand in male volleyball players with shoulder internal rotation deficit: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Trial
- Physical Exam for Athletic Shoulder Injuries in Adolescent Patients.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- Level of competition influences overhead athletes' shoulder internal rotation range of motion in the side-lying position.JSES international · 2026Article
- Scapular Dyskinesis, Glenohumeral Internal Rotation, and Pectoralis Minor Length in Male Elite Tennis Players.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
- Shoulder range of motion and strength in beach tennis athletes compared to volleyball and tennis players: implications for injury risk and performance.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Adaptation Characteristics in the Range of Motion of the Shoulder Among Young Male Volleyball Players.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Anatomical and Pathological Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit Among Volleyball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Relationship between Range of Motion and Isometric Shoulder Strength in Elite Team Handball Players.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Evaluation and Treatment of Baseball Pitchers: There's More to Assess than the Arm.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Assessing Active and Passive Glenohumeral Rotational Deficits in Professional Tennis Players: Use of Normative Values at 90° and 45° of Abduction to Make Decisions in Injury-Prevention Programs.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Role of Humeral Torsion on Glenohumeral Rotation in Injured Baseball Players.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Young Asymptomatic Elite Swimmers.Journal of athletic training · 2024Article
- Relationship between shoulder and elbow range of motion and ultrasonographic structural abnormalities in the elbow of Taiwanese high school baseball players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- The Clinical Utility of the Seated Wall Angel as a Test with Scoring.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- Combined Effects of Glenohumeral Mobilization, Stretching, and Thoracic Manipulation on Shoulder Internal Rotation Range of Motion.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- Musculoskeletal, Functional and Performance Impairment in Female Overhead Athletes with a Previous Shoulder Injury.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Shoulder Injuries in Modern Cricket: Should an Increase Be Anticipated?Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2023Review
- Effects of an 11-Week Detraining, Imposed by the COVID-19 Confinement, on Handball Players' Shoulder Rotator Isokinetic Profile, Shoulder Range of Motion, and Ball Release Velocity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledIn most shoulder conditions a loss of glenohumeral motion results in shoulder performance impairments. However, in the overhead athlete loss of glenohumeral internal rotation, termed glenohumeral internal rotation deficiency (GIRD), is a normal phenomenon that should be expected. Without a loss of glenohumeral internal rotation the overhead athlete will not have the requisite glenohumeral external rotation needed to throw a baseball at nearly 100 miles per hour, or serve a tennis ball at velocities of 120 miles per hour or more. Not all GIRD is pathologic. The authors of this manuscript have defined two types of GIRD; one that is normal and one that is pathologic. Anatomical GIRD (aGIRD) is one that is normal in overhead athletes and is characterized by a loss of internal rotation of less than 18°-20° with symmetrical total rotational motion (TROM) bilaterally. Pathologic GIRD (pGIRD) is when there is a loss of glenohumeral internal rotation greater than 18°-20° with a corresponding loss of TROM greater than 5° when compared bilaterally. A more problematic motion restriction may be that of a loss of TROM in the glenohumeral joint. Recent evidence supports that a loss of TROM is predictive of future injury to the shoulder in professional athletes. Additionally, external rotation deficiency (ERD), the difference between external rotation (ER) of the throwing shoulder and the non-throwing shoulder of less than 5°, may be another predictor of future shoulder injury and disability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24175137PMC3811728W1521417481What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.