ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2013
Initial immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: innate immune response.
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Clinical Utility of TSPO-PET in MS and the Influence of Methodological Heterogeneity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Pooled it
- A Lactate-H4K12la-HDAC1 epigenetic axis governs microglial state transitions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in female mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Immunosuppression Paradox in Multiple Sclerosis: Are We Fueling the Fire by Suppressing Immunity in an Epstein-Barr Virus-Linked Disease?Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- A radiolabeled dendrimer non-invasively identifies and tracks innate immune cell activation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid immune cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: insights into cellular composition and immune dynamics.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Carotid intima media thickness, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploration of the Role of Vitamins in Preventing Neurodegenerative Diseases: Comprehensive Review on Preclinical and Clinical Findings.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Understanding the Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Pathology.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Cellular Senescence in Glial Cells: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Review
- Cytokine Profiling in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): Associations between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Disease Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Toll-like receptors as a missing link in Notch signaling cascade during neurodevelopment.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Research progress of autoimmune diseases based on induced pluripotent stem cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, and Therapeutic Insights.Cureus · 2023Review
- Neuroimmune, clinical and treatment challenges in multiple sclerosis-related psychoses.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Review
- Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Article
- Interferon Beta-1a versus Glatiramer Acetate: Changes of Innate Immunity in a Group of Women with Multiple Sclerosis.European neurology · 2023Article
- The blood-brain barrier in health, neurological diseases, and COVID-19.Fundamental research · 2022Review
- Identification of viral-mediated pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases using network-based approaches.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The hallmark to MS is the demyelinated plaque, which consists of a well-demarcated hypocellular area characterized by the loss of myelin, the formation of astrocytic scars, and the mononuclear cell infiltrates concentrated in perivascular spaces composed of T cells, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Activation of resident cells initiates an inflammatory cascade, leading to tissue destruction, demyelination, and neurological deficit. The immunological phenomena that lead to the activation of autoreactive T cells to myelin sheath components are the result of multiple and complex interactions between environment and genetic background conferring individual susceptibility. Within the CNS, an increase of TLR expression during MS is observed, even in the absence of any apparent microbial involvement. In the present review, we focus on the role of the innate immune system, the first line of defense of the organism, as promoter and mediator of cross reactions that generate molecular mimicry triggering the inflammatory response through an adaptive cytotoxic response in MS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.