Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24174874›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2013

High-efficiency liposomal encapsulation of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor leads to improved in vivo toxicity and tumor response profile.

Rajesh Mukthavaram, Pengfei Jiang, Rohit Saklecha, Dmitri Simberg, Ila Sri Bharati, Natsuko Nomura, Ying Chao, Sandra Pastorino, Sandeep C Pingle, Valentina Fogal and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Staurosporine as an Antifungal Agent.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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  11. Nanoformulations of anticancer FGFR inhibitors with improved therapeutic index.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2018
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Rajesh MukthavaramTranslational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Pengfei Jiang
Rohit Saklecha
Dmitri Simberg
Ila Sri Bharati
Natsuko Nomura
Ying Chao
Sandra Pastorino
Sandeep C Pingle
Valentina Fogal
Wolf Wrasidlo
Milan Makale
Santosh Kesari
Translational Research in Oncology · FRUniversity of Montana · US

Funding

VIRAL MALIGNANCYP30CA023100 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DIANE M SIMEONE · 1985 to 2026
$124.9M
FDA HHS 5R21CA164BB0-02NCI NIH HHS 3P30CA023100-25S8NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Staurosporine (STS) is a potent pan-kinase inhibitor with marked activity against several chemotherapy-resistant tumor types in vitro. The translational progress of this compound has been hindered by poor pharmacokinetics and toxicity. We sought to determine whether liposomal encapsulation of STS would enhance antitumor efficacy and reduce toxicity, thereby supporting the feasibility of further preclinical development. We developed a novel reverse pH gradient liposomal loading method for STS, with an optimal buffer type and drug-to-lipid ratio. Our approach produced 70% loading efficiency with good retention, and we provide, for the first time, an assessment of the in vivo antitumor activity of STS. A low intravenous dose (0.8 mg/kg) inhibited U87 tumors in a murine flank model. Biodistribution showed preferential tumor accumulation, and body weight data, a sensitive index of STS toxicity, was unaffected by liposomal STS, but did decline with the free compound. In vitro experiments revealed that liposomal STS blocked Akt phosphorylation, induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and produced cell death via apoptosis. This study provides a basis to explore further the feasibility of liposomally encapsulated STS, and potentially related compounds for the management of resistant solid tumors.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisCell Line, TumorCell SurvivalDiffusionFemaleHumansLiposomesMaleMiceMice, NudeNanocapsulesNeoplasms, ExperimentalProtein Kinase CStaurosporineTreatment OutcomeLiposomesNanocapsulesProtein Kinase CStaurosporinebiodistributionefficacyglioblastomaliposomesstaurosporine

Identifiers

PMID24174874
PMCPMC3808212
OpenAlexW1982709731

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.