Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24174307›Full record

ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2014

Evidence for the role of isometric exercise training in reducing blood pressure: potential mechanisms and future directions.

Philip J Millar, Cheri L McGowan, Véronique A Cornelissen, Claudio G Araujo, Ian L Swaine

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03019146 (Exploring Time-efficient Strategies to Improve Fitness for Surgery in Older Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
25.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03019146 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Exploring Time-efficient Strategies to Improve Fitness for Surgery in Older Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of NottinghamRan2017 to 2019Enrolled48ConditionsPerioperative Hypertension, HypertensionArmsHIIT, HOLD, HUG
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 192 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Effects of low-intensity isometric handgrip training on home blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Philip J MillarDivision of Cardiology, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Cheri L McGowan
Véronique A Cornelissen
Claudio G Araujo
Ian L Swaine
Canterbury Christ Church University · GBKU Leuven · BEMount Sinai Hospital · CAUniversity Gama Filho · BRUniversity of Windsor · CA

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension, or the chronic elevation in resting arterial blood pressure (BP), is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and estimated to affect ~1 billion adults worldwide. The goals of treatment are to lower BP through lifestyle modifications (smoking cessation, weight loss, exercise training, healthy eating and reduced sodium intake), and if not solely effective, the addition of antihypertensive medications. In particular, increased physical exercise and decreased sedentarism are important strategies in the prevention and management of hypertension. Current guidelines recommend both aerobic and dynamic resistance exercise training modalities to reduce BP. Mounting prospective evidence suggests that isometric exercise training in normotensive and hypertensive (medicated and non-medicated) cohorts of young and old participants may produce similar, if not greater, reductions in BP, with meta-analyses reporting mean reductions of between 10 and 13 mmHg systolic, and 6 and 8 mmHg diastolic. Isometric exercise training protocols typically consist of four sets of 2-min handgrip or leg contractions sustained at 20-50 % of maximal voluntary contraction, with each set separated by a rest period of 1-4 min. Training is usually completed three to five times per week for 4-10 weeks. Although the mechanisms responsible for these adaptations remain to be fully clarified, improvements in conduit and resistance vessel endothelium-dependent dilation, oxidative stress, and autonomic regulation of heart rate and BP have been reported. The clinical significance of isometric exercise training, as a time-efficient and effective training modality to reduce BP, warrants further study. This evidence-based review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of isometric exercise training on resting BP.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalBlood PressureExerciseHumansHypertensionMuscle ContractionMuscle, SkeletalPhysical Conditioning, HumanPractice Guidelines as TopicTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID24174307
OpenAlexW1979521276

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.