ArticleCurrent infectious disease reports2013
Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Article in Current infectious disease reports, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis-associated IRIS in People With HIV Treated for Tuberculosis: Findings From Reflate TB2 Randomized Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Timing of antiretroviral therapy after diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis.The New England journal of medicine · 2014Trial
- Isolated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-Case Report and Literature Review.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- CSF Leukocytes in Intracranial Infections: Diagnostic, Mechanistic, and Therapeutic Insights for Neurocritical Care.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Baseline characteristics associated with mortality among children living with HIV initiating ART at a rural district HIV clinic of Mozambique.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral drug therapy does not reduce neuroinflammation in an HIV-1 infection brain organoid model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Complex Decisions in HIV-Related Cryptococcosis: Addressing Second Episodes of Cryptococcal Meningitis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: prevalence, main characteristics, and outcomes in a Brazilian center.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Recurrence of Symptoms Following Cryptococcal Meningitis: Characterizing a Diagnostic Conundrum With Multiple Etiologies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Pregnancy-Related Tuberculous Meningitis and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Case Series and Systematic Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Case Report: Central Nervous System Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Related to Bacterial Meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Tuberculosis IRIS: Pathogenesis, Presentation, and Management across the Spectrum of Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Acute paraparesis in HIV-infected patient after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Case Report: A Case of Severe Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Presenting with Brain and Intradural Abscesses in an HIV Patient.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- JC Polyomavirus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a review.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Review
- Safety implications of combined antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drugs.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2020Review
- Seizures, Confusion, and Strokes in a Patient With AIDS.The Neurohospitalist · 2019Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Cryptococcal Infections in HIV-Infected Adults.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (CNS-IRIS) develops in 9 %-47 % of persons with HIV infection and a CNS opportunistic infection who start antiretroviral therapy and is associated with a mortality rate of 13 %-75 %. These rates vary according to the causative pathogen. Common CNS-IRIS events occur in relation to Cryptococcus, tuberculosis (TB), and JC virus, but several other mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses have been associated with IRIS. IRIS symptoms often mimic the original infection, and diagnosis necessitates consideration of treatment failure, microbial resistance, and an additional neurological infection. These diagnostic challenges often delay IRIS diagnosis and treatment. Corticosteroids have been used to treat CNS-IRIS, with variable responses; the best supportive evidence exists for the treatment of TB-IRIS. Pathogenic mechanisms vary: Cryptococcal IRIS is characterized by a paucity of cerebrospinal inflammation prior to antiretroviral therapy, whereas higher levels of inflammatory markers at baseline predispose to TB meningitis IRIS. This review focuses on advances in the understanding of CNS-IRIS over the past 2 years.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.