ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2014
Assessment of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and an inactivated M. bovis preparation for wild boar in terms of adverse reactions, vaccine strain survival, and uptake by nontarget species.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- A dual-gene-deleted ASFV Lv17/WB/Rie1-ΔCD candidate administered orally to wild boar confers DIVA-compatible protection against virulent challenge.The veterinary quarterly · 2026Article
- Oral Bait Immunization of Eurasian Wild Boar (Vaccines · 2026Article
- Oral delivery of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in alginate spheres to captive white-tailed deer.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Orally administered live BCG and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis protect bison against experimental bovine tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Efficacy of heat-inactivatedHeliyon · 2023Article
- Immunogenicity of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in pigs: potential as a translational model of non-specific effects of BCG.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy of heat-inactivated autovaccines in Mycobacterium caprae experimentally challenged goats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Nonspecific protection of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis against Salmonella Choleraesuis infection in pigs.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- Epidemiological characterization of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the Bieszczady Mountains, on the border of Southeast Poland.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- Local Lung Immune Response toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Efficacy of parenteral vaccination against tuberculosis with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally challenged goats.PloS one · 2018Article
- Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2018Review
- Efficacy and Safety of BCG Vaccine for Control of Tuberculosis in Domestic Livestock and Wildlife.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2018Review
- The Effect of Oral Vaccination withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Oral Vaccination with Heat-InactivatedFrontiers in veterinary science · 2017Article
- Challenges in Veterinary Vaccine Development and Immunization.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2016Article
- Spatiotemporal interactions between wild boar and cattle: implications for cross-species disease transmission.Veterinary research · 2014Article
- The Wild Side of Disease Control at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface: A Review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Wildlife vaccination is increasingly being considered as an option for tuberculosis control. We combined data from laboratory trials and an ongoing field trial to assess the risk of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and a prototype heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis preparation for Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). We studied adverse reactions, BCG survival, BCG excretion, and bait uptake by nontarget species. No adverse reactions were observed after administration of BCG (n = 27) or inactivated M. bovis (n = 21). BCG was not found at necropsy (175 to 300 days postvaccination [n = 27]). No BCG excretion was detected in fecal samples (n = 162) or in urine or nasal, oral, or fecal swab samples at 258 days postvaccination (n = 29). In the field, we found no evidence of loss of BCG viability in baits collected after 36 h (temperature range, 11°C to 41°C). Camera trapping showed that wild boar (39%) and birds (56%) were the most frequent visitors to bait stations (selective feeders). Wild boar activity patterns were nocturnal, while diurnal activities were recorded for all bird species. We found large proportions of chewed capsules (29%) (likely ingestion of the vaccine) and lost baits (39%) (presumably consumed), and the proportion of chewed capsules showed a positive correlation with the presence of wild boar. Both results suggest proper bait consumption (68%). These results indicate that BCG vaccination in wild boar is safe and that, while bait consumption by other species is possible, this can be minimized by using selective cages and strict timing of bait deployment.
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