ArticlePublic health nutrition2014
The Baltic Sea Diet Score: a tool for assessing healthy eating in Nordic countries.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nordic diet and chronic disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials.European journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Does adopting a healthy diet improve periodontal parameters in patients susceptible to periodontal disease? A systematic review.Evidence-based dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Nordic dietary patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials.Diabetologia · 2022Pooled it
- Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Patterns in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Diet quality indices and their associations with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents: an updated systematic review.Nutrition journal · 2020Pooled it
- Definition of the Traditional Mexican Diet and Its Role in Health: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Association between overall diet quality and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in five Finnish cohort studies.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Higher adherence to a Nordic diet is associated with reduced risk of mild depressive symptoms: a population-based analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Diet Quality, Physical Activity, and Epigenetic Aging in the Finnish Working-Age Population.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Diet Quality and Advanced Periodontitis in Relation to Serum CRP Levels: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The Educational Gradient in the Adherence to the Healthy Nordic Food Index Among Adult Men and Women in Tromsø: The Tromsø study 2015-2016.Food & nutrition research · 2026Article
- Plant-Based Diets and Cardiometabolic Diseases in a Cohort of Iranian Adults: A Systematic Review of Evidence from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Adherence to a healthy Nordic diet is associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Childhood Lifestyle Behaviors and Mental Health Symptoms in Adolescence.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Association between Baltic sea diet and healthy Nordic diet index with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Healthy dietary pattern is associated with lower glycemia independently of the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Finnish men.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Exploring tradeoffs among diet quality and environmental impacts in self-selected diets: a population-based study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Longitudinal associations of an exposome score with serum metabolites from childhood to adolescence.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Association between Baltic sea diet and healthy Nordic diet index with risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nutrient intake and adherence to the Nordic nutrition recommendations in a Swedish cohort with abdominal obesity.Nutrition and health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe health-related effects of the Nordic diet remain mostly unidentified. We created a Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) for epidemiological research to indicate adherence to a healthy Nordic diet. We examined associations between the score and nutrient intakes that are considered important in promoting public health. We also examined the performance of the BSDS under two different cut-off strategies.
designThe cross-sectional study included two phases of the National FINRISK 2007 Study. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated using in-house software. Nine components were selected for the score. Each component was scored according to both sex-specific consumption quartiles (BSDS-Q) and medians (BSDS-M), and summed to give the final score values.
settingA large representative sample of the Finnish population. SUBJECTS: Men (n 2217) and women (n 2493) aged 25 to 74 years.
resultsIn the age- and energy-adjusted model, adherence to the diet was associated with a higher intake of carbohydrates (E%), and lower intakes of SFA (E%) and alcohol (E%, where E% is percentage of total energy intake; P < 0·01). Furthermore, the intakes of fibre, Fe, vitamins A, C and D, and folate were higher among participants who adhered to the diet (P < 0·05). After further adjustments, the results remained significant (P < 0·05) and did not differ remarkably between BSDS-Q and BSDS-M.
conclusionsThe BSDS can be used as a measure of a healthy Nordic diet to assess diet-health relationships in public health surveys in Nordic countries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.