ArticleSpringerPlus2013
Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence among Estonian postmenopausal women.
Article in SpringerPlus, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02935803 (A Prospective and Randomised Single Centre Study on the Anti-incontinent Effectiveness of the Modified Trans Vaginal Mesh Method in POPQ Stage II-III Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective and Randomised Single Centre Study on the Anti-incontinent Effectiveness of the Modified Trans Vaginal Mesh Method in POPQ Stage II-III Patients
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hysterectomy and the risk of urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in urology · 2026Pooled it
- Hysterectomy and Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- U-shaped association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and urinary leakage among adult females aged 45 years and over in the United States: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Addressing urinary incontinence by gender: a nationwide population-based study in Turkiye.BMC urology · 2023Article
- Association of multimorbidity with higher levels of urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study of 23 089 individuals aged ≥15 years residing in Spain.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2021Article
- Urinary incontinence among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a tertiary teaching hospital in North-East Malaysia.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2019Article
- The Prevalence, Subtypes and Obstetric Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence in Reproductive Age Women Referred to Community Health Care Centers of Dezful, Iran- 2015.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the efficacy of transobturator tape surgery in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence using urodynamics and questionnaires.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Article
- Descriptive cross sectional study on prevalence, perceptions, predisposing factors and health seeking behaviour of women with stress urinary incontinence.BMC women's health · 2014Article
- Investigation of the efficacy of transobturator tape (TOT) surgery in stress urinary incontinence.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and to assess its risk factors among postmenopausal Estonian women.
methodsIn 2004, 1363 women participating in the Estonian Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Trial were asked at the closure visit to the trial physician about symptoms of UI. The type of incontinence was assessed with the help of a questionnaire, based on recommendations from the working group set up by the Finnish Gynaecological Association. Frequency characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics. Risk factors were examined using logistic regression.
resultsMean age of study women was 53.3 years (min = 48, max = 67; SD 4.0). The prevalence of UI was 18.12% (95% CI: 16.07 - 20.17). Stress incontinence was diagnosed in 78.83% (95% CI: 73.32 - 84.33) and urge or mixed incontinence in 21.17% (95% CI: 15.67 - 26.68) of women who reported incontinence. Prevalence of UI slightly increased with age. Women who used hormone therapy (HT) (OR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.17 - 2.39), had had hysterectomy (1.73, 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.83), and those with secondary education (OR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.23 - 2.82) or basic education (OR 3.29, 95% CI: 1.80 - 6.02) had a higher risk for UI. Parity, having a BMI over 30 kg/m(2), being a smoker or a former smoker, having diabetes and being physically or sexually active, tended to increase the risk of UI.
conclusionsAbout one in five postmenopausal women in Estonia reported to have UI. Risk factors linked with UI, its prevalence in other age groups and the impact of UI on quality of life deserve more research.
trial registrationNumber: ISRCTN35338757.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.