ArticlePublic health nutrition2014
Association of total protein intake with bone mineral density and bone loss in men and women from the Framingham Offspring Study.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary protein and bone health across the life-course: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis over 40 years.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Pooled it
- Whey Protein Supplementation and Higher Total Protein Intake Do Not Influence Bone Quantity in Overweight and Obese Adults Following a 36-Week Exercise and Diet Intervention.The Journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Association of Protein Intake with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content among Elderly Women: The OSTPRE Fracture Prevention Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Trial
- Amino Acid Intakes Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Low Bone Mass in Women: Evidence From Discordant Monozygotic Twins.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2016Trial
- Etiological background of osteoporosis in Khamis Mushait general hospital: A descriptive study assessing risk factors, symptoms, and complications.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Dietary Protein Intake and Its Associations With Bone Properties Using Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Endurance-Trained Individuals.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between dietary protein intake and bone mineral density based on NHANES 2011-2018.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Protein Intake on Bone Disease, Kidney Disease, and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Dietary inflammatory index is not associated with bone mineral density in functionally able community-dwelling older adults.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- The Influences of Macronutrients on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Fracture Risk in Elderly People: A Review of Human Studies.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Protein-to-carbohydrate ratio is informative of diet quality and associates with all-cause mortality: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014).Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Review
- Dietary protein intake and bone health.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2020Review
- Epidemiology of osteoporosis and its determinants in physically active Majorcan elderly.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2020Article
- Article
- Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Bone Loss in the Framingham Offspring Study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2018Article
- Association of eating out with bone density in Taiwan.Public health nutrition · 2017Article
- Article
- Growing older with health and vitality: a nexus of physical activity, exercise and nutrition.Biogerontology · 2016Review
- Dietary Approaches for Bone Health: Lessons from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.Current osteoporosis reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine (i) the association of percentage of total energy intake from protein (protein intake %) with bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and bone loss at the femoral neck, trochanter and lumbar spine (L2-L4) and (ii) Ca as an effect modifier.
settingThe Framingham Offspring Study. SUBJECTS: Men (n 1280) and women (n 1639) completed an FFQ in 1992-1995 or 1995-1998 and underwent baseline BMD measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1996-2000. Men (n 495) and women (n 680) had follow-up BMD measured in 2002-2005.
designCohort study using multivariable regression to examine the association of protein intake % with each BMD, adjusting for covariates. Statistical interaction between protein intake % and Ca (total, dietary, supplemental) intake was examined.
resultsThe mean age at baseline was 61 (sd 9) years. In the cross-sectional analyses, protein intake % was positively associated with all BMD sites (P range: 0·02-0·04) in women but not in men. Significant interactions were observed with total Ca intake (<800 mg/d v. ≥800 mg/d) in women at all bone sites (P range: 0·002-0·02). Upon stratification, protein intake % was positively associated with all BMD sites (P range: 0·04-0·10) in women with low Ca intakes but not in those with high Ca intakes. In the longitudinal analyses, in men, higher protein intake % was associated with more bone loss at the trochanter (P = 0·01) while no associations were seen in women, regardless of Ca intake.
conclusionsThis suggests that greater protein intake benefits women especially those with lower Ca intakes. However, protein effects are not significant for short-term changes in bone density. Contrastingly, in men, higher protein intakes lead to greater bone loss at the trochanter. Longer follow-up is required to examine the impact of protein on bone loss.
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Registered trials
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