ReviewTissue engineering. Part B, Reviews2014
Three-dimensional aggregates of mesenchymal stem cells: cellular mechanisms, biological properties, and applications.
Review in Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as a therapy for sepsis-related liver injury: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Mesenchymal stem cells for peripheral nerve injury and regeneration: a bibliometric and visualization study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- An Efficient Spheroid Manufacturing Workflow for WJ-MSCs: Comparative Evaluation of Immediate 3D Aggregation and Conventional 2D Stabilization.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevascularized grafts with spatially organized MSC spheroids to accelerate therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic disease.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- Cellular Snowballing: Cell Adhesion and Migration Drive the Self-Assembly of Cell-Microgel Biohybrid Spheroids.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles inherit lactate from aggregated MSCs to alleviate type 1 diabetes mellitus via HJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Developmentally Inspired, Mechanical-Metabolic Dual Gradient Osteochondral Constructs Bridging Regeneration and Therapeutic Screening.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- A fluffy nanofiber scaffold-based microenvironment enables a simplified, biology-centric scale-up strategy for mesenchymal stem/stromal cell culture.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- An animal component-free bioprocess for synthesizing 3D human matrix scaffolds using mesenchymal stromal cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Engineered MSC-Exosomes Delivering miRNAs for Respiratory Disease Diagnostics and Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineered 3D mesenchymal stem cell aggregates with multifunctional prowess for bone regeneration: Current status and future prospects.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The Use of Human Platelet Lysate (hPL) Enables 3D Cultivation of ADSCs Derived From Human Breast Tissue.Stem cells international · 2026Article
- Cultured chicken meat developed by structuring cellular spheroids on an edible bacterial nanocellulose bioscaffold.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Harnessing Oxidized Alginate Microgels for Rapid and Self-Assembling Dental Tissue Organogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo.Small science · 2025Article
- β-Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Cells · 2025Review
- 3D Culture in Functionalized FN-Silk Networks Facilitate Proliferation, Differentiation and Phenotypic Stability of Mature Human Primary Cells and Stem Cells.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2025Article
- Cell condensation initiates organogenesis: the role of actin dynamics in supracellular self-organizing process.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Cortical Actin Depolymerisation in 3D Cell Culture Enhances Extracellular Vesicle Secretion and Therapeutic Effects.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Bibliometric Analysis and Visualized Study of Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primary candidates in cell therapy and tissue engineering and are being tested in clinical trials for a wide range of diseases. Originally isolated and expanded as plastic adherent cells, MSCs have intriguing properties of in vitro self-assembly into three-dimensional (3D) aggregates reminiscent of skeletal condensation in vivo. Recent studies have shown that MSC 3D aggregation improved a range of biological properties, including multilineage potential, secretion of therapeutic factors, and resistance against ischemic condition. Hence, the formation of 3D MSC aggregates has been explored as a novel strategy to improve cell delivery, functional activation, and in vivo retention to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This article summarizes recent reports of MSC aggregate self-assembly, characterization of biological properties, and their applications in preclinical models. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MSC aggregate formation and functional activation are discussed, and the areas that warrant further investigation are highlighted. These analyses are combined to provide perspectives for identifying the controlling mechanisms and refining the methods of aggregate fabrication and expansion for clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.