Trial reportPloS one2013
M2 macrophages activate WNT signaling pathway in epithelial cells: relevance in ulcerative colitis.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- RUNX2 promotes chromatin accessibility and WNT signaling in inflamed intestinal epithelial cells.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Macrophage polarization in ischemia-reperfusion injury: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Filler Increases Hair Growth by Modulating Hair Follicular Stem Cells in Aged Skin.Cells · 2025Article
- RUNX2 promotes epigenetic WNT signaling in inflamed intestinal epithelial cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dihydroartemisinin inhibits lung cancer bone metastasis by modulating macrophage polarization.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Aging and Intestinal Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Review
- Down-regulation of MIR-378A-3P expression associated with inflammation: The effects of restoring its levels.PloS one · 2025Article
- Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its interplay with TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways for the treatment of chronic wounds.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Article
- A multiomics analysis-assisted deep learning model identifies a macrophage-oriented module as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype in T cell transfer colitis model.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Inflammation, Autoinflammation and Autoimmunity in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Immune-Epithelial Cross Talk in Regeneration and Repair.Annual review of immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Transit-amplifying cells control R-spondins in the mouse crypt to modulate intestinal stem cell proliferation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Macrophage orchestration of epithelial and stromal cell homeostasis in the intestine.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Genetic Deletion of LRP5 and LRP6 in Macrophages Exacerbates Colitis-Associated Systemic Inflammation and Kidney Injury in Response to Intestinal Commensal Microbiota.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages, which exhibit great plasticity, are important components of the inflamed tissue and constitute an essential element of regenerative responses. Epithelial Wnt signalling is involved in mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation and expression of Wnt ligands by macrophages has been reported. We aim to determine whether the macrophage phenotype determines the expression of Wnt ligands, the influence of the macrophage phenotype in epithelial activation of Wnt signalling and the relevance of this pathway in ulcerative colitis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages and U937-derived macrophages were polarized towards M1 or M2 phenotypes and the expression of Wnt1 and Wnt3a was analyzed by qPCR. The effects of macrophages and the role of Wnt1 were analyzed on the expression of β-catenin, Tcf-4, c-Myc and markers of cell differentiation in a co-culture system with Caco-2 cells. Immunohistochemical staining of CD68, CD206, CD86, Wnt1, β-catenin and c-Myc were evaluated in the damaged and non-damaged mucosa of patients with UC. We also determined the mRNA expression of Lgr5 and c-Myc by qPCR and protein levels of β-catenin by western blot. Results show that M2, and no M1, activated the Wnt signaling pathway in co-culture epithelial cells through Wnt1 which impaired enterocyte differentiation. A significant increase in the number of CD206+ macrophages was observed in the damaged mucosa of chronic vs newly diagnosed patients. CD206 immunostaining co-localized with Wnt1 in the mucosa and these cells were associated with activation of canonical Wnt signalling pathway in epithelial cells and diminution of alkaline phosphatase activity. Our results show that M2 macrophages, and not M1, activate Wnt signalling pathways and decrease enterocyte differentiation in co-cultured epithelial cells. In the mucosa of UC patients, M2 macrophages increase with chronicity and are associated with activation of epithelial Wnt signalling and diminution in enterocyte differentiation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.