ArticlePloS one2013
Evaluation [corrected] of the "Iceberg Phenomenon" in Johne's disease through mathematical modelling.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- High burden of hypovitaminosis D among the children and adolescents in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- A Longitudinal Study ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Use of ELISA to predict highJournal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Antibodies and Inflammation: Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Health in Domestic Ruminants.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2025Article
- InvestigatingMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Review
- Effective Control of Johne's Disease in Large Czech Dairy Herds.Journal of veterinary research · 2022Article
- Comparison of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle, sheep and goats in the Khuzestan Province of Iran: Results of a preliminary survey.Veterinary medicine and science · 2021Article
- MAP, Johne's disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations.Animal microbiome · 2021Review
- An Embedded Multiscale Modelling to Guide Control and Elimination of Paratuberculosis in Ruminants.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2021Article
- How is the iceberg of COVID-19? Results from a rapid literature review.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2021Review
- Presence of Infection byMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- A Novel Real-Time PCR-Based Screening Test with Pooled Fecal Samples for Bovine Johne's Disease.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- Modelling spread and surveillance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the Swedish cattle trade network.Preventive veterinary medicine · 2020Article
- A single dose polyanhydride-based nanovaccine against paratuberculosis infection.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- The Replication-Transmission Relativity Theory for Multiscale Modelling of Infectious Disease Systems.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Application of Transcriptomics to Enhance Early Diagnostics of Mycobacterial Infections, with an Emphasis onVeterinary sciences · 2019Review
- Genetic association of polymorphisms in bovine TLR2 and TLR4 genes with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in Indian cattle population.Veterinary research communications · 2019Article
- Implications of Cattle Trade for the Spread and Control of Infectious Diseases in Slovenia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Article
- Resilience to infection by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis following direct intestinal inoculation in calves.Veterinary research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedMagombedze, Gesgam [corrected to Magombedze, Gesham]
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic, enteric disease in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Disease progression follows four distinct stages: silent, subclinical, clinical and advanced. Available diagnostic tests have poor sensitivity and cannot detect early stages of the infection; as a result, only animals in the clinical and advanced stages, which represent the tip of the 'iceberg', are identified through testing. The Iceberg Phenomenon is then applied to provide estimates for JD prevalence. For one animal in the advanced stage, it is assumed that there are one to two in the clinical stage, four to eight in the subclinical stage, and ten to fourteen in the silent stage. These ratios, however, are based on little evidence. To evaluate the ratios, we developed a deterministic ordinary differential equation model of JD transmission and disease progression dynamics. When duration periods associated with the natural course of the disease progression are used, the above ratios do not hold. The ratios used to estimate JD prevalence need to be further investigated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.