ReviewDisease markers2013
Increased glutamate and homocysteine and decreased glutamine levels in autism: a review and strategies for future studies of amino acids in autism.
Review in Disease markers, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential identification of vitamin B6 responsiveness in autism spectrum disorder utilizing phenotype variables and machine learning methods.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Machine learning model to identify gut microbiome-derived metabolites as potential biomarkers of autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Metabolic Signature of Autism Spectrum Disorders Using Dried Blood Spots at Birth.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- [Change of plasma level of valine and its relationship with developmental quotient in children with autism].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of GABA and nutritional supplements on neurochemical biomarkers in autism: a PPA rodent model study.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reversal of Autism Symptoms among Dizygotic Twins through a Personalized Lifestyle and Environmental Modification Approach: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Central Causation of Autism/ASDs via Excessive [CaBrain sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of Walnut and Pumpkin on Selective Neurophenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Study.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Serum Amino Acid Profiling in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Insights from a Single-Center Study in Southern Romania.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Homocysteine-Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator of Health and Disease in Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Antibiotic Treatment during Pregnancy Alters Offspring Gut Microbiota in a Sex-Dependent Manner.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Alterations of the Intestinal Permeability are Reflected by Changes in the Urine Metabolome of Young Autistic Children: Preliminary Results.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Article
- Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Analyzing the Potential Biological Determinants of Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Neuroinflammation to the Kynurenine Pathway.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolomic profiles with ginsenoside-induced insecticidal efficacy againstJournal of ginseng research · 2020Article
- Higher Levels of Low Molecular Weight Sulfur Compounds and Homocysteine Thiolactone in the Urine of Autistic Children.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Blood glutamate scavenging as a novel glutamate-based therapeutic approach for post-stroke depression.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are many reports about the significant roles of some amino acids in neurobiology and treatment of autism. This is a critical review of amino acids levels in autism. No published review article about the level of amino acids in autism was found. The levels of glutamate and homocystein are increased in autism while the levels of glutamine and tryptophan are decreased. Findings regarding the plasma levels of taurine and lysine are controversial. The urinary levels of homocysteine and essential amino acids in both the untreated and treated autistic children are significantly less than those in the controls. The current literature suffers from many methodological shortcomings which needed to be considered in future studies. Some of them are age, gender, developmental level, autism symptoms severity, type of autism spectrum disorders, medical comorbidities, intelligent quotient, diet, concomitant medications, body mass index, and technical method of assessment of amino acids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.