ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2013
Female competition in chimpanzees.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female Affiliation and Status in Semi-Free-Ranging Chimpanzees.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Chimpanzees are not more aggressive than bonobos but target sexes differently.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Coalitional Support Regulates Resource Divisions in Men.Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Evolutionary Trajectories of Consciousness: From Biological Foundations to Technological Horizons.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Avoidance of reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in chimpanzees.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Female gorillas form highly stable dominance relationships.Biology letters · 2025Article
- Sex differences in health burdens across the lifespan in wild chimpanzees (Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Article
- Selective social tolerance drives differentiated relationships among wild female chimpanzees.Animal behaviour · 2024Article
- Reproductive inequality among males in the genusPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Human cooperation and evolutionary transitions in individuality.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Biased cultural transmission of a social custom in chimpanzees.Science advances · 2023Article
- Weak, but not strong, ties support coalition formation among wild female chimpanzees.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Puberty initiates a unique stage of social learning and development prior to adulthood: Insights from studies of adolescence in wild chimpanzees.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Article
- When fertile, women seek status via prestige but not dominance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Plasma Testosterone and Androstenedione Levels Follow the Same Sex-Specific Patterns in the TwoBiology · 2022Article
- Warlike chimpanzees and peacemaking bonobos.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance inBiology · 2022Article
- A socio-ecological perspective on the gestural communication of great ape species, individuals, and social units.Ethology, ecology & evolution · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Female chimpanzees exhibit exceptionally slow rates of reproduction and raise their offspring without direct paternal care. Therefore, their reproductive success depends critically on long-term access to high-quality food resources over a long lifespan. Chimpanzee communities contain multiple adult males, multiple adult females and their offspring. Because males are philopatric and jointly defend the community range while most females transfer to new communities before breeding, adult females are typically surrounded by unrelated competitors. Communities are fission-fusion societies in which individuals spend time alone or in fluid subgroups, whose size depends mostly on the abundance and distribution of food. To varying extents in different populations, females avoid direct competition by foraging alone or in small groups in distinct, but overlapping core areas within the community range to which they show high fidelity. Although rates of aggression are low, females compete for space and access to food. High rank correlates with high reproductive success, and high-ranking females win direct contests for food and gain preferential access to resource-rich sites. Females are aggressive to immigrant females and even kill the newborn infants of community members. The intensity of such aggression correlates with population density. These patterns are compared to those in other species, including humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.