ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology2014
Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension.
Review in American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Neuroinflammation in Adult Ischemic Stroke: Direct Immunotherapy, Regenerative Cell-Based Strategies, and Translational Challenges-A Systematic Review with Exploratory Meta-analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in TLR4 expression in SHR do not contribute to sex differences in blood pressure or the renal T cell profile.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2022Trial
- Specific Transcriptome Changes Associated with Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients After Relaxation Response Training.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Trial
- Comorbidities and Inflammation: How Chronic Diseases Prime the Host Response in Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Guidelines for evaluating endothelial function in vascular tissue.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Review
- Short-term time-restricted feeding improves metabolic rhythms and liver mitochondrial bioenergetic function in high-fat diet-fed mice.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Photodynamic therapy-induced inflammation and adverse effects: An updated review.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- MyD88 in myeloid cells drives angiotensin II-induced vascular inflammation, is associated with prevalent heart failure, and predicts all-cause mortality in arterial hypertension.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Assessing Venous Congestion in Heart Failure: A Review of Splanchnic, Cardiac, and Pulmonary Ultrasound: Part 2: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Shear Wave.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Synergistic effects of NF-κB1 and inflammatory pathway polymorphisms on hypertension and dyslipidemia susceptibility in type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Age and sex differences in blood pressure regulation: A focus on the vascular baroreflex limb.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Markers of Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The relationship between CALLY index and stroke in hypertensive patients: insights from NHANES.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- TLR2 or TLR4 Stimulation Induces Transmembrane TNF-Driven Priming in Macrophages Which Results in Improved Clearance of a Subsequent Staphylococcus aureus Infection.Journal of innate immunity · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 mutation mitigates gut microbiota-mediated hypertensive kidney injury.Pharmacological research · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicle mitochondrial DNA levels are associated with race and mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.iScience · 2024Article
- J-shaped associations of pan-immune-inflammation value and systemic inflammation response index with stroke among American adults with hypertension: evidence from NHANES 1999-2020.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Diabetic Pneumopathy- A Novel Diabetes-associated Complication: Pathophysiology, the Underlying Mechanism and Combination Medication.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Article
- C-Reactive Protein Signaling Pathways in Tumor Progression.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2023Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation is a common manifestation of hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms that initiate this pathophysiological response, thereby contributing to further increases in blood pressure, are not well understood. Aberrant vascular inflammation and reactivity via activation of the innate immune system may be the first step in the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of the functions of the innate immune system is to recognize and respond to danger. Danger signals can arise from not only pathogenic stimuli but also endogenous molecules released following cell injury and/or death [damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)]. In the short-term, activation of the innate immune system is beneficial in the vasculature by providing cytoprotective mechanisms and facilitating tissue repair following injury or infection. However, sustained or excessive immune system activation, such as in autoimmune diseases, may be deleterious and can lead to maladaptive, irreversible changes to vascular structure and function. An initial source of DAMPs that enter the circulation to activate the innate immune system could arise from modest elevations in peripheral vascular resistance. These stimuli could subsequently lead to ischemic- or pressure-induced events aggravating further cell injury and/or death, providing more DAMPs for innate immune system activation. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on the role of the innate immune system in hypertension pathogenesis. The role of Toll-like receptor activation on somatic cells of the vasculature in response to the release of DAMPs and the consequences of this activation on inflammation, vasoreactivity, and vascular remodeling will be specifically discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.