ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2014
Deep sequencing of viral genomes provides insight into the evolution and pathogenesis of varicella zoster virus and its vaccine in humans.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic comparison reveals single-nucleotide polymorphic sites and attenuation-associated site combinations specific to Chinese live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Whole-genome sequence of a varicella-zoster strain from an immunocompetent pediatric patient with severe herpes zoster.Microbiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- A fresh look at varicella vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Enriching the future of public health microbiology with hybridization bait capture.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Upregulation of keratin 15 is required for varicella-zoster virus replication in keratinocytes and is attenuated in the live attenuated vOka vaccine strain.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Glycoprotein E-Displaying Nanoparticles Induce Robust Neutralizing Antibodies and T-Cell Response against Varicella Zoster Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Creating the "Dew Drop on a Rose Petal": the Molecular Pathogenesis of Varicella-Zoster Virus Skin Lesions.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Genomic and geographical structure of human cytomegalovirus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Meningitis without Rash after Reactivation of Varicella Vaccine Strain in a 12-Year-Old Immunocompetent Boy.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Varicella-Zoster Virus-Genetics, Molecular Evolution and Recombination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Varicella Zoster Virus Neuronal Latency and Reactivation Modeled in Vitro.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Insights From Studies of the Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Immunogenicity of the Varicella Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Human herpesvirus diversity is altered in HLA class I binding peptides.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Rational Design of a Skin- and Neuro-Attenuated Live Varicella Vaccine: A Review and Future Perspectives.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Development of a skin- and neuro-attenuated live vaccine for varicella.Nature communications · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immunization with the vOka vaccine prevents varicella (chickenpox) in children and susceptible adults. The vOka vaccine strain comprises a mixture of genotypes and, despite attenuation, causes rashes in small numbers of recipients. Like wild-type virus, the vaccine establishes latency in neuronal tissue and can later reactivate to cause Herpes zoster (shingles). Using hybridization-based methodologies, we have purified and sequenced vOka directly from skin lesions. We show that alleles present in the vaccine can be recovered from the lesions and demonstrate the presence of a severe bottleneck between inoculation and lesion formation. Genotypes in any one lesion appear to be descended from one to three vaccine-genotypes with a low frequency of novel mutations. No single vOka haplotype and no novel mutations are consistently present in rashes, indicating that neither new mutations nor recombination with wild type are critical to the evolution of vOka rashes. Instead, alleles arising from attenuation (i.e., not derived from free-living virus) are present at lower frequencies in rash genotypes. We identify 11 loci at which the ancestral allele is selected for in vOka rash formation and show genotypes in rashes that have reactivated from latency cannot be distinguished from rashes occurring immediately after inoculation. We conclude that the vOka vaccine, although heterogeneous, has not evolved to form rashes through positive selection in the mode of a quasispecies, but rather alleles that were essentially neutral during the vaccine production have been selected against in the human subjects, allowing us to identify key loci for rash formation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.