ArticleNature2013
High-resolution Xist binding maps reveal two-step spreading during X-chromosome inactivation.
Article in Nature, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 246 papers.
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Who cites it
246 citing papers in PubMed, 399 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA) interaction networks: from genome-wide dynamic capture to epigenetic mechanisms in plants and animals.Epigenetics · 2026Review
- A continuum-based reaction-diffusion model for spread of gene silencing in chromosomal inactivation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Xist RNA dependent and independent mechanisms regulate dynamic X chromosome inactivation in B lymphocytes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Multi-layered gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs: from chromatin to genome architecture.BMB reports · 2026Review
- Dynamic dosage changes in X-linked transposable elements during mammalian dosage compensation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Function of epigenetic modifications in wound healing and potential therapies (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Chromatin-Associated RNAs Regulate Gene Expression and Chromatin Structure.Non-coding RNA · 2025Review
- XIST Loss Induces Variable Transcriptional Responses Dependent on Cell States.Non-coding RNA · 2025Article
- An evolving landscape of PRC2-RNA interactions in chromatin regulation.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention.Genome biology · 2025Review
- Retrospective and multifactorial single-cell profiling reveals sequential chromatin reorganization during X inactivation.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Temporal and regional X-linked gene reactivation in the mouse germline reveals site-specific retention of epigenetic silencing.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Re-analysis of CLAP data affirms PRC2 as an RNA binding protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Chlorogenic acid promotes fatty acid beta-oxidation to increase hESCs proliferation and lipid synthesis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- 7SL RNA and signal recognition particle orchestrate a global cellular response to acute thermal stress.Nature communications · 2025Article
186 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Xist long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is essential for X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), the process by which mammals compensate for unequal numbers of sex chromosomes. During XCI, Xist coats the future inactive X chromosome (Xi) and recruits Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to the X-inactivation centre (Xic). How Xist spreads silencing on a 150-megabases scale is unclear. Here we generate high-resolution maps of Xist binding on the X chromosome across a developmental time course using CHART-seq. In female cells undergoing XCI de novo, Xist follows a two-step mechanism, initially targeting gene-rich islands before spreading to intervening gene-poor domains. Xist is depleted from genes that escape XCI but may concentrate near escapee boundaries. Xist binding is linearly proportional to PRC2 density and H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), indicating co-migration of Xist and PRC2. Interestingly, when Xist is acutely stripped off from the Xi in post-XCI cells, Xist recovers quickly within both gene-rich and gene-poor domains on a timescale of hours instead of days, indicating a previously primed Xi chromatin state. We conclude that Xist spreading takes distinct stage-specific forms. During initial establishment, Xist follows a two-step mechanism, but during maintenance, Xist spreads rapidly to both gene-rich and gene-poor regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.