ArticleOncotarget2013
Alterations of immune response of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Azacytidine.
Article in Oncotarget, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03941496 (Phase 1b/2a Safety and Immunogenicity of the DNMT Inhibitor Azacitidine During Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 242 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1b/2a Safety and Immunogenicity of the DNMT Inhibitor Azacitidine During Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy
Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 386 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypomethylating agents in vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic syndrome (VEXAS): A systematic review.British journal of haematology · 2026Pooled it
- Phase I/II sequencing study of azacitidine, epacadostat, and pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumors.British journal of cancer · 2023Trial
- A randomized phase 2 trial of azacitidine with or without durvalumab as first-line therapy for older patients with AML.Blood advances · 2022Trial
- A feasibility study of combined epigenetic and vaccine therapy in advanced colorectal cancer with pharmacodynamic endpoint.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Trial
- An open-label, phase II multicohort study of an oral hypomethylating agent CC-486 and durvalumab in advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Trial
- Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarkers of Response to Azacitidine and Nivolumab in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Nonrandomized, Open-Label, Phase II Study.Cancer discovery · 2019Trial
- Differential regulation of PD-L1 expression by immune and tumor cells in NSCLC and the response to treatment with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Trial
- Phase I Study of CC-486 Alone and in Combination with Carboplatin or nab-Paclitaxel in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2018Trial
- Immunomodulation by Entinostat in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving High-Dose Interleukin 2: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase I/II Trial (NCI-CTEP#7870).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- Combination Epigenetic Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer with 5-Azacitidine and Entinostat: A Phase II National Cancer Institute/Stand Up to Cancer Study.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- Pathological Pathways of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Therapy: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Regulation of immune checkpoint molecules in cancer immune evasion and therapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Signatures in MDS: The Missing Link Between Genetics, Microenvironment, and Therapy.Cells · 2026Review
- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Beyond immune surveillance: IFN-γ and PD-L1 as shapers of tumor plasticity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Combination of LowDose Epigenetic Modifiers and TIC10 for the Activation of Antitumor Immunity and Inhibition of Tumor Growth in Gastrointestinal Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- New progress in imaging diagnosis and immunotherapy of breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Innovative therapies are needed for advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). We have undertaken a genomics based, hypothesis driving, approach to query an emerging potential that epigenetic therapy may sensitize to immune checkpoint therapy targeting PD-L1/PD-1 interaction. NSCLC cell lines were treated with the DNA hypomethylating agent azacytidine (AZA - Vidaza) and genes and pathways altered were mapped by genome-wide expression and DNA methylation analyses. AZA-induced pathways were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project by mapping the derived gene signatures in hundreds of lung adeno (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples. AZA up-regulates genes and pathways related to both innate and adaptive immunity and genes related to immune evasion in a several NSCLC lines. DNA hypermethylation and low expression of IRF7, an interferon transcription factor, tracks with this signature particularly in LUSC. In concert with these events, AZA up-regulates PD-L1 transcripts and protein, a key ligand-mediator of immune tolerance. Analysis of TCGA samples demonstrates that a significant proportion of primary NSCLC have low expression of AZA-induced immune genes, including PD-L1. We hypothesize that epigenetic therapy combined with blockade of immune checkpoints - in particular the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway - may augment response of NSCLC by shifting the balance between immune activation and immune inhibition, particularly in a subset of NSCLC with low expression of these pathways. Our studies define a biomarker strategy for response in a recently initiated trial to examine the potential of epigenetic therapy to sensitize patients with NSCLC to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.