Trial reportJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research2014
Contemporary risk of hip fracture in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a national registry study from Scotland.
Trial report in Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between type 2 diabetes and site-specific fracture risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies including over 13 million participants.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Global, Regional and National Estimates of Hip Fracture Burden Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Adults Aged Over 40 from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2046.Calcified tissue international · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Fracture risk in young and middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical endocrinology · 2018Pooled it
- Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for low bone mass-related fractures: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Bone mineral density at femoral neck and lumbar spine in adults with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis and review of the literature.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Pooled it
- Increased risk of vertebral fracture in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.International orthopaedics · 2016Pooled it
- Diabetes mellitus and risk of hip fractures: a meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Type 1 diabetes and risk of fracture: meta-analysis and review of the literature.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2015Pooled it
- The effect of metformin versus placebo in combination with insulin analogues on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018Trial
- Ultrashort echo time quantitative magnetization transfer MRI detects non-enzymatic crosslinking of collagen in ex vivo rat bones.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Age at diabetes diagnosis and fracture risk in women: a cohort study from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Article
- Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: comprehensive fracture risk relationships in UK Biobank.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Article
- Postoperative risks of type 2 diabetes in elderly hip fracture patients: a propensity score-matched study.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2025Article
- Fructose metabolism and its roles in metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- A myostatin inhibitory antibody combined with insulin, partially rescues the musculoskeletal phenotype of female insulin-deficient diabetic mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- A Sex Comparison of Fall and Fracture Occurrence in the Elderly Diabetic Population: A Quantitative Study.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Hip fracture and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2024Article
- Hip fracture is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2024Article
- Association between Smoking Status and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare contemporary risk of hip fracture in type 1 and type 2 diabetes with the nondiabetic population. Using a national diabetes database, we identified those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were aged 20 to 84 years and alive anytime from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007. All hospitalized events for hip fracture in 2005 to 2007 for diabetes patients were linked and compared with general population counts. Age- and calendar-year-adjusted incidence rate ratios were calculated by diabetes type and sex. One hundred five hip fractures occurred in 21,033 people (59,585 person-years) with type 1 diabetes; 1421 in 180,841 people (462,120 person-years) with type 2 diabetes; and 11,733 hip fractures over 10,980,599 person-years in the nondiabetic population (3.66 million people). Those with type 1 diabetes had substantially elevated risks of hip fracture compared with the general population incidence risk ratio (IRR) of 3.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.52-4.26) in men and 3.54 (CI 2.75-4.57) in women. The IRR was greater at younger ages, but absolute risk difference was greatest at older ages. In type 2 diabetes, there was no elevation in risk among men (IRR 0.97 [CI 0.92-1.02]) and the increase in risk in women was small (IRR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.10]). There remains a substantial elevation relative risk of hip fracture in people with type 1 diabetes, but the relative risk is much lower than in earlier studies. In contrast, there is currently little elevation in overall hip fracture risk with type 2 diabetes, but this may mask elevations in risk in particular subgroups of type 2 diabetes patients with different body mass indexes, diabetes duration, or drug exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.