ArticleBiostatistics (Oxford, England)2014
A general regression framework for a secondary outcome in case-control studies.
Article in Biostatistics (Oxford, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- A novel association test for multiple secondary phenotypes from a case-control GWAS.Genetic epidemiology · 2017Trial
- A Likelihood Approach to Proper Analysis of Secondary Outcomes in Matched Case-Control Studies.Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift · 2026Article
- Evaluating the risk and risk factors of dysautonomia as a post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a secondary analysis of a matched case-control dataset.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Ambient Air Pollutants and Olfaction among Women 50-79 Years of Age from the Sister Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Are Risk Factors of Sudden Cardiac Death Due to First-Ever Myocardial Infarction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Levels in Patients with Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Study from Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Protocol for a Case Control Study to Evaluate Oral Health as a Biomarker of Child Exposure to Adverse Psychosocial Experiences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Causal graphs for the analysis of genetic cohort data.Physiological genomics · 2020Review
- On Mendelian randomization analysis of case-control study.Biometrics · 2020Article
- Analysis of secondary phenotypes in multigroup association studies.Biometrics · 2020Article
- The emerging landscape of health research based on biobanks linked to electronic health records: Existing resources, statistical challenges, and potential opportunities.Statistics in medicine · 2020Article
- Brain Imaging Genomics: Integrated Analysis and Machine Learning.Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers · 2020Article
- A general approach to detect gene (G)-environment (E) additive interaction leveraging G-E independence in case-control studies.Statistics in medicine · 2019Article
- Constrained instruments and their application to Mendelian randomization with pleiotropy.Genetic epidemiology · 2019Article
- Adjustment for index event bias in genome-wide association studies of subsequent events.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Genetic effects on the commensal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease patients.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
- Logistic regression with a continuous exposure measured in pools and subject to errors.Statistics in medicine · 2018Article
- Dimension reduction and estimation in the secondary analysis of case-control studies.Electronic journal of statistics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Modern case-control studies typically involve the collection of data on a large number of outcomes, often at considerable logistical and monetary expense. These data are of potentially great value to subsequent researchers, who, although not necessarily concerned with the disease that defined the case series in the original study, may want to use the available information for a regression analysis involving a secondary outcome. Because cases and controls are selected with unequal probability, regression analysis involving a secondary outcome generally must acknowledge the sampling design. In this paper, the author presents a new framework for the analysis of secondary outcomes in case-control studies. The approach is based on a careful re-parameterization of the conditional model for the secondary outcome given the case-control outcome and regression covariates, in terms of (a) the population regression of interest of the secondary outcome given covariates and (b) the population regression of the case-control outcome on covariates. The error distribution for the secondary outcome given covariates and case-control status is otherwise unrestricted. For a continuous outcome, the approach sometimes reduces to extending model (a) by including a residual of (b) as a covariate. However, the framework is general in the sense that models (a) and (b) can take any functional form, and the methodology allows for an identity, log or logit link function for model (a).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.