ReviewNature materials2013
Engineering synthetic vaccines using cues from natural immunity.
Review in Nature materials, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 280 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
280 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- A Self-assembly Carrier-Free Nanovaccine based on Fluorinated CpG and Neoantigen Peptides for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Pygenic acid A, a small-molecule PD-1/SHP-2 inhibitor, enhances efficacy of therapeutic melanoma vaccines and prophylactic influenza vaccines.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for dengue virus.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Macrophage Membrane-Engineered Biomimetic Nanoplatform Enables Immune Evasion and Immunomodulation for Enhanced Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Fluorinated carbohydrate-based vaccines.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Sensing and Communicating β-Cell Stress in the Context of T1D Etiology: New Opportunities for Therapeutic Impact.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Development of a nano-emulsion and evaluation of its intradermal adjuvant function of Swine Influenza H3N2 Vaccine.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Self-adjuvanting α-helical polypeptide simultaneously delivers neoantigen mRNAs and activates dendritic cells to eradicate tumors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A Structurally Dynamic Pathogen-Mimicking Biomaterial Is an Efficient Activator of Dendritic Cells.ACS materials letters · 2026Article
- Ferritin nanoparticles displaying rift valley fever virus glycoprotein elicit potent dendritic cell activation in vitro.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Programmable trivalent nanocage vaccine confers durable cross-species protection against Bordetella bronchiseptica infection.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Soluble multi-epitope protein vaccination leverages antigen availability to drive CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cell-Mediated and Peptide-Based Delivery Systems: Emerging Frontiers in Targeted Therapeutics.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Biomimetic carbon nanopolymers ANM-NPs act on mannose receptors and complement receptors to promote tumor antigen presentation.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Controlling intracellular processing to enhance spherical nucleic acid immune stimulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Modulating antigen processing through metal-organic frameworks to bias adaptive immunity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Development of Dendritic Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Antigen-Specific T-Cell Engagement.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Hydrogels in the Immune Context: In Vivo Applications for Modulating Immune Responses in Cancer Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nano-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Therapeutics Against Cancer and Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
220 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines aim to protect against or treat diseases through manipulation of the immune response, promoting either immunity or tolerance. In the former case, vaccines generate antibodies and T cells poised to protect against future pathogen encounter or attack diseased cells such as tumours; in the latter case, which is far less developed, vaccines block pathogenic autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies that target self tissue. Enormous challenges remain, however, as a consequence of our incomplete understanding of human immunity. A rapidly growing field of research is the design of vaccines based on synthetic materials to target organs, tissues, cells or intracellular compartments; to co-deliver immunomodulatory signals that control the quality of the immune response; or to act directly as immune regulators. There exists great potential for well-defined materials to further our understanding of immunity. Here we describe recent advances in the design of synthetic materials to direct immune responses, highlighting successes and challenges in prophylactic, therapeutic and tolerance-inducing vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.