SynthesisEuropean journal of nutrition2014
Coffee and caffeine intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in European journal of nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Myricetin Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vivo Mice Studies.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis by potential modifiers.European journal of epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2016Pooled it
- Coffee consumption and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in smokers and non-smokers: a dose-response meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- Is coffee consumption associated with a lower risk of hyperuricaemia or gout? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2016Pooled it
- Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction.British journal of sports medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Higher Caffeinated Coffee Intake Is Associated with Reduced Malignant Melanoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis Study.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Pooled it
- Coffee or tea consumption and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2014Pooled it
- Diabetes and risk of Parkinson's disease: an updated meta-analysis of case-control studies.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- The Acute Effects of Caffeinated Black Coffee on Cognition and Mood in Healthy Young and Older Adults.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Causal effects of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on diabetes and its complications and comorbidities: A Mendelian randomization study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Association of coffee consumption with diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Comment on "Association of coffee consumption with diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus".International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Coffee consumption in relation to circadian syndrome in US population: a cross-sectional study.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Efficient aqueous solubilization of methylxanthinesRSC advances · 2026Article
- Genetic predisposition to coffee consumption and the association with the early risk of atherosclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCoffee and caffeine have been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted to assess the association between coffee and caffeine intake and T2DM incidence.
methodsPertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and EMBASE. The fixed- or random-effect pooled measure was selected based on between-study heterogeneity. Dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline.
resultsCompared with the lowest level, the pooled relative risk (95 % CI) of T2DM was 0.71 (0.67-0.76) for the highest level of coffee intake (26 articles involving 50,595 T2DM cases and 1,096,647 participants), 0.79 (0.69-0.91) for the highest level of decaffeinated coffee intake (10 articles involving 29,165 T2DM cases and 491,485 participants) and 0.70 (0.65-0.75) for the highest level of caffeine intake (6 articles involving 9,302 T2DM cases and 321,960 participants). The association of coffee, decaffeinated coffee and caffeine intake with T2DM incidence was stronger for women than that for men. A stronger association of coffee intake with T2DM incidence was found for non-smokers and subjects with body mass index <25 kg/m(2). Dose-response analysis suggested that incidence of T2DM decreased by 12 % [0.88 (0.86-0.90)] for every 2 cups/day increment in coffee intake, 11 % [0.89 (0.82-0.98)] for every 2 cups/day increment in decaffeinated coffee intake and 14 % [0.86 (0.82-0.91)] for every 200 mg/day increment in caffeine intake.
conclusionsCoffee and caffeine intake might significantly reduce the incidence of T2DM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.