ArticleJournal of sports science & medicine2010
Women and Men in Sport Performance: The Gender Gap has not Evolved since 1983.
Article in Journal of sports science & medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sex-Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Adaptations and Risks in Elite Athletes: Bridging the Gap in Sports Cardiology.Clinical cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Caffeine Supplementation on Sports Performance Based on Differences Between Sexes: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on taekwondo performance: the influence of competition level and sex.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The effects of different doses of caffeine on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Trial
- The influence of sex, stroke and distance on the lactate characteristics in high performance swimming.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Changes in physical performance with aging in master athletes and in the general population: an update.European journal of translational myology · 2026Article
- Neuromuscular Control and Motor Performance Across the Menstrual Cycle in Physically Active Young Females.European journal of sport science · 2026Article
- The Role of Social Support and Perfectionist Climate in the Development of Sports Persistence.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex performance differences in vertical and horizontal jumping.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Sex-differences in Mountain Ultra-trail Performance: Look at the Scenery.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Binary Sex Input Has No Effect on Metabolic or Pulmonary Variables: A Within-Subjects Observational Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Positional Differences in Youth Water Polo Players: Cognitive Functions, Specific Swimming Capacities and Anthropometric Characteristics.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- The role of androgens and global and tissue-specific androgen receptor expression on body composition, exercise adaptation, and performance.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- The development of the performance sex gap in track-and-field events across the lifespan.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Performance and Performance-Determining Factors in the Olympic Winter Endurance Sports.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- Researcher bias and the enduring gap between the world's fastest men and women.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Sex difference in IRONMAN age group triathletes.PloS one · 2024Article
- Observational
- A generalized equation for predicting peak oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise testing: mitigating the bias from total body mass scaling.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex is a major factor influencing best performances and world records. Here the evolution of the difference between men and women's best performances is characterized through the analysis of 82 quantifiable events since the beginning of the Olympic era. For each event in swimming, athletics, track cycling, weightlifting and speed skating the gender gap is fitted to compare male and female records. It is also studied through the best performance of the top 10 performers in each gender for swimming and athletics. A stabilization of the gender gap in world records is observed after 1983, at a mean difference of 10.0% ± 2.94 between men and women for all events. The gender gap ranges from 5.5% (800-m freestyle, swimming) to 18.8% (long jump). The mean gap is 10.7% for running performances, 17.5% for jumps, 8.9% for swimming races, 7.0% for speed skating and 8.7% in cycling. The top ten performers' analysis reveals a similar gender gap trend with a stabilization in 1982 at 11.7%, despite the large growth in participation of women from eastern and western countries, that coincided with later- published evidence of state-institutionalized or individual doping. These results suggest that women will not run, jump, swim or ride as fast as men. Key pointsSex is a major factor influencing best performances and world records.A stabilization of the gender gap in world records is observed after 1983, at a mean difference of 10.0% ± 2.94 between men and women for all events.The gender gap ranges from 5.5% (800-m freestyle, swimming) to 36.8% (weight lifting).The top ten performers' analysis reveals a similar gender gap trend with a stabilization in 1982 at 11.7%.Results suggest that women will not run, jump, swim or ride as fast as men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24149688PMC3761733What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.