ArticleEpigenetics2014
Epigenetic regulation of miR-21 in colorectal cancer: ITGB4 as a novel miR-21 target and a three-gene network (miR-21-ITGΒ4-PDCD4) as predictor of metastatic tumor potential.
Article in Epigenetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4): a pleiotropic regulator in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Distinct Expression Patterns of miR-21-5p and miR-21-3p in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2026Article
- MiR-21 Is a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Circulating Biomarker in Pleural Mesothelioma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Natural compounds as regulators of miRNAs: exploring a new avenue for treating colorectal cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Evidence for a TMAO-HULC-miRNA regulatory axis in colorectal cancer cells.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025Article
- MDFI promotes the proliferation and tolerance to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer cells by binding ITGB4/LAMB3 to activate the AKT signaling pathway.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Clinically Significant miRNAs Level by Machine Learning Approaches Utilizing Total Transcriptome Data.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- The mechanism of ITGB4 in tumor migration and invasion.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Circulating noncoding RNAs: promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of NSCLC.Discover oncology · 2023Review
- Variation of Tetrahydrofurans in Thyclotides Enhances Oligonucleotide Binding and Cellular Uptake of Peptide Nucleic Acids.JACS Au · 2023Article
- High Intratumoral i-tRF-GlyBiomedicines · 2023Article
- MicroRNA-675-5p Overexpression Is an Independent Prognostic Molecular Biomarker of Short-Term Relapse and Poor Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- miR-21-5p Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Glioma by Targeting S100A10.Journal of Cancer · 2023Article
- Identification of Key Biomarkers and Candidate Molecules in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.Genetics research · 2023Article
- High Expression of a tRNABiomedicines · 2022Article
- METTL14-mediated NCell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- MicroRNAs and 'Sponging' Competitive Endogenous RNAs Dysregulated in Colorectal Cancer: Potential as Noninvasive Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Identification of prognostic and bone metastatic alternative splicing signatures in bladder cancer.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- ITGB4 as a novel serum diagnosis biomarker and potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Integrin β4 as a Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tumor Marker.Biomolecules · 2021Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have uncovered several transcription factors that determine biological alterations in tumor cells to execute the invasion-metastasis cascade, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We sought to investigate the role of miR-21 in colorectal cancer regulation. For this purpose, miR-21 expression was quantified in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. High expression was found in cell lines with EMT properties and in the vast majority of human tumor specimens. We demonstrate in a cell-specific manner the occupancy of MIR-21 gene promoter by AP-1 and ETS1 transcription factors and, for the first time, the pattern of histone posttranslational modifications necessary for miR-21 overexpression. We also show that Integrin-β4 (ITGβ4), exclusively expressed in polarized epithelial cells, is a novel miR-21 target gene and plays a role in the regulation of EMT, since it is remarkably de-repressed after transient miR-21 silencing and downregulated after miR-21 overexpression. miR-21-dependent change of ITGβ4 expression significantly affects cell migration properties of colon cancer cells. Finally, in a subgroup of tumor specimens, ROC curve analysis performed on quantitative PCR data sets for miR-21, ITGβ4, and PDCD4 shows that the combination of high miR-21 with low ITGβ4 and PDCD4 expression is able to predict presence of metastasis. In conclusion, miR-21 is a key player in oncogenic EMT, its overexpression is controlled by the cooperation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, and its levels, along with ITGβ4 and PDCD4 expression, could be exploited as a prognostic tool for CRC metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.