ArticleMolecular cancer2013
R-RAS2 overexpression in tumors of the human central nervous system.
Article in Molecular cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimodal AI fuses proteomic and EHR data for rational prioritization of protein biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- ETS1 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis and Growth in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting RRAS2.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Identification and immune characteristics of N6-methyladenosine related ferroptosis-related genes in intervertebral disc degeneration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Novel Animal Models for Multiple Sclerosis: R-Ras GTPases in Myelin Pathophysiology.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The role of abnormal epigenetic regulation of small GTPases in glioma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- In Silico Born Designed Anti-EGFR Aptamer Gol1 Has Anti-Proliferative Potential for Patient Glioblastoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Platycodin D represses β-catenin to suppress metastasis of cetuximab-treated KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer cells.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2023Article
- Uncovering Candidate mRNAs, Signaling Pathways and Immune Cells in Atherosclerotic Plaque and Ischemic Stroke.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- R-Ras1 and R-Ras2 Expression in Anatomical Regions and Cell Types of the Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- The Role of R-Ras Proteins in Normal and Pathologic Migration and Morphologic Change.The American journal of pathology · 2021Review
- Ras, TrkB, and ShcA Protein Expression Patterns in Pediatric Brain Tumors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Identification of a mesenchymal-related signature associated with clinical prognosis in glioma.Aging · 2021Article
- R-Ras GTPases Signaling Role in Myelin Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of combined gamma-tocotrienol and hydroxychavicol in preventing the proliferation of 1321N1, SW1783, and LN18 glioma cancer cells.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2019Article
- 5p and 3p Strands of miR-34 Family Members Have Differential Effects in Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Cervical Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- R-Ras1 and R-Ras2 Are Essential for Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Survival for Correct Myelination in the Central Nervous System.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Article
- Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fundamental Regulatory Differences in Oncogenic HRAS and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) Driven Astrocytoma.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2017Article
- LowMACA: exploiting protein family analysis for the identification of rare driver mutations in cancer.BMC bioinformatics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are the 10th most frequent cause of cancer mortality. Despite the strong malignancy of some such tumors, oncogenic mutations are rarely found in classic members of the RAS family of small GTPases. This raises the question as to whether other RAS family members may be affected in CNS tumors, excessively activating RAS pathways. The RAS-related subfamily of GTPases is that which is most closely related to classical Ras and it currently contains 3 members: RRAS, RRAS2 and RRAS3. While R-RAS and R-RAS2 are expressed ubiquitously, R-RAS3 expression is restricted to the CNS. Significantly, both wild type and mutated RRAS2 (also known as TC21) are overexpressed in human carcinomas of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, skin and breast, as well as in lymphomas. Hence, we analyzed the expression of R-RAS2 mRNA and protein in a wide variety of human CNS tumors and we found the R-RAS2 protein to be overexpressed in all of the 90 CNS cancer samples studied, including glioblastomas, astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. However, R-Ras2 was more strongly expressed in low grade (World Health Organization grades I-II) rather than high grade (grades III-IV) tumors, suggesting that R-RAS2 is overexpressed in the early stages of malignancy. Indeed, R-RAS2 overexpression was evident in pre-malignant hyperplasias, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Nevertheless, such dramatic changes in expression were not evident for the other two subfamily members, which implies that RRAS2 is the main factor triggering neural transformation.
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Registered trials
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