Trial reportAmerican journal of public health2013
Housing first improves residential stability in homeless adults with concurrent substance dependence and mental disorders.
Trial report in American journal of public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial interventions for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Health outcomes related to the provision of free, tangible goods: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Mortality in homeless people enrolled in the French housing first randomized controlled trial: a secondary outcome analysis of predictors and causes of death.BMC public health · 2021Trial
- Effect of a Housing Intervention on Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Homeless Adults With Mental Illness: 24-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Trial
- Effectiveness of a housing support team intervention with a recovery-oriented approach on hospital and emergency department use by homeless people with severe mental illness: a randomised controlled trial.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2020Trial
- Housing First Improves Adherence to Antipsychotic Medication Among Formerly Homeless Adults With Schizophrenia: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Trial
- Trial
- The Homeless Outreach Behavioral Screen (HOBS): A Brief Scale for Identifying Need for Mental Health Evaluation Among Unsheltered Populations.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- What is the perceived relationship between boredom and substance use among persons who are unhoused?PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Exits From and Returns to Homelessness Among Older Homeless Adults: Results From the HOPE HOME Study.Housing policy debate · 2025Article
- Are we ending the HIV epidemic among persons who inject drugs?: key findings from 19 US cities.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- "Especially being homeless, they just think you're infected with COVID or something": A qualitative exploration of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on people experiencing homelessness with a history of injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland.Housing policy debate · 2024Article
- Persistent Disparities: Trends in Rates of Sheltered Homelessness Across Demographic Subgroups in the USA.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring the effect of case management in homelessness per components: A systematic review of effectiveness and implementation, with meta-analysis and thematic synthesis.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Public Health Interventions to Address Housing and Mental Health amongst Migrants from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds Living in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- "They're all struggling as well": social and economic barriers and facilitators to self-managing chronic illness among marginalized people who use drugs.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2022Article
- Impact of a Homeless Encampment Closure on Crime Complaints in the Bronx, New York City, 2017: Implications for Municipal Policy.Journal of evidence-based social work (2019) · 2022Article
- A comprehensive review of prioritised interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of persons with lived experience of homelessness.Campbell systematic reviews · 2021Review
- Pharmacist led homeless outreach engagement and non-medical independent prescribing (Rx) (PHOENIx) intervention for people experiencing homelessness: a non- randomised feasibility study.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe examined the relationship between substance dependence and residential stability in homeless adults with current mental disorders 12 months after randomization to Housing First programs or treatment as usual (no housing or support through the study).
methodsThe Vancouver At Home study in Canada included 2 randomized controlled trials of Housing First interventions. Eligible participants met the criteria for homelessness or precarious housing, as well as a current mental disorder. Residential stability was defined as the number of days in stable residences 12 months after randomization. We used negative binomial regression modeling to examine the independent association between residential stability and substance dependence.
resultsWe recruited 497 participants, and 58% (n = 288) met the criteria for substance dependence. We found no significant association between substance dependence and residential stability (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval = 0.69, 1.35) after adjusting for housing intervention, employment, sociodemographics, chronic health conditions, mental disorder severity, psychiatric symptoms, and lifetime duration of homelessness.
conclusionsPeople with mental disorders might achieve similar levels of housing stability from Housing First regardless of whether they experience concurrent substance dependence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.