ReviewNutrients2013
Health benefits of methylxanthines in cacao and chocolate.
Review in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Cocoa-Rich Chocolate and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Theobromine consumption does not improve fasting and postprandial vascular function in overweight and obese subjects.European journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Decoding the bioactive peptides and metabolic fingerprints of whey derived from dairy fan processing by-products.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Animal Dietary Exposure to Methylxanthines through the Inclusion of Former Food Products (FFPs) in Feed.ACS agricultural science & technology · 2026Article
- Relationships between consumption of theobromine in cocoa products and cardiovascular risk factors in 2015-2020 National health and nutrition examination survey.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence and Allergy: Molecular and Cellular Links Between Inflammaging, Neuro-Immune Aging, and Response to Biologic Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Crystal structure ofActa crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Nutritional Quality Fingerprinting of Wild and FarmedBiology · 2025Article
- Is There a Future Without Gluten Restrictions for Celiac Patients? Update on Current Treatments.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Theobromine synergizes with nicotine to enhance animal motor abilities and cognitive function.Behavioural pharmacology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive machine learning assessment of zebrafish behaviour and biochemical markers in response to caffeine exposure.Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Studies on the synthesis, crystal structures, biological activities and molecular docking of novel natural methylxanthine derivatives containing piperazine moiety.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Progress in Methylxanthine Biosynthesis: Insights into Pathways and Engineering Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development and validation of the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System for children.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One may wonder why methylxanthines are so abundant in beverages used by humans for centuries, or in cola-drinks that have been heavily consumed since their appearance. It is likely that humans have stuck to any brew containing compounds with psychoactive properties, resulting in a better daily life, i.e., more efficient thinking, exploring, hunting, etc., however, without the serious side effects of drugs of abuse. The physiological effects of methylxanthines have been known for a long time and they are mainly mediated by the so-called adenosine receptors. Caffeine and theobromine are the most abundant methylxanthines in cacao and their physiological effects are notable. Their health-promoting benefits are so remarkable that chocolate is explored as a functional food. The consequences of adenosine receptor blockade by natural compounds present in cacao/chocolate are here reviewed. Palatability and health benefits of methylxanthines, in general, and theobromine, in particular, have further contributed to sustain one of the most innocuous and pleasant habits: chocolate consumption.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.