ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2013
Opium use and risk of mortality from digestive diseases: a prospective cohort study.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Opium Usage and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Pooled it
- Opioid biomarkers in urine as reliable and valid correlates of opium use characteristics: A 10-year longitudinal assessment.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Associations between Opium Route of Use and Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Potential Carcinogenicity Mechanism.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Population attributable fraction of dietary risk factors for cancer mortality with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers in a population based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Opioid Use on Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Addiction & health · 2025Review
- Impact of Opium Addiction on Liver Function and Biliary Tract in Patients with Bile Duct Stones: A Case-Control Study.Addiction & health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of opioid use disorder among long-term opiate users in Golestan Cohort Study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Estimating the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of m6A methylation-associated genes.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2022Article
- Multivariate statistical evaluation of heavy metals in the urine of opium individuals in comparison with healthy people in Western Iran.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Article
- Opioid Modulation of the Gut-Brain Axis in Opioid-Associated Comorbidities.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Opium as a carcinogen: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Is opium use associated with an increased risk of lung cancer? A case-control study.BMC cancer · 2020Observational
- Opium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a case-control studyTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- Opium use and subsequent incidence of cancer: results from the Golestan Cohort Study.The Lancet. Global health · 2020Article
- Opiate and Tobacco Use and Exposure to Carcinogens and Toxicants in the Golestan Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Epidemiologic Study of Gastric Cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2020Review
- Article
- Individual and Combined Effects of Environmental Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer Based on Results From the Golestan Cohort Study.Gastroenterology · 2019Article
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19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesOpium use, particularly in low doses, is a common practice among adults in northeastern Iran. We aimed to investigate the association between opium use and subsequent mortality from disorders of the digestive tract.
methodsWe used data from the Golestan Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study in northeastern Iran, with detailed, validated data on opium use and several other exposures. A total of 50,045 adults were enrolled during a 4-year period (2004-2008) and followed annually until December 2012, with a follow-up success rate of 99%. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to evaluate the association between opium use and outcomes of interest.
resultsIn all, 8,487 (17%) participants reported opium use, with a mean duration of 12.7 years. During the follow-up period 474 deaths from digestive diseases were reported (387 due to gastrointestinal cancers and 87 due to nonmalignant etiologies). Opium use was associated with an increased risk of death from any digestive disease (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.24-1.93). The association was dose dependent, with a HR of 2.21 (1.57-3.31) for the highest quintile of cumulative opium use vs. no use (Ptrend=0.037). The HRs (95% CI) for the associations between opium use and malignant and nonmalignant causes of digestive mortality were 1.38 (1.07-1.76) and 2.60 (1.57-4.31), respectively. Increased risks were seen both for smoking opium and for ingestion of opium.
conclusionsLong-term opium use, even in low doses, is associated with increased risk of death from both malignant and nonmalignant digestive diseases.
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