ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2013
A modified heterotopic swine hind limb transplant model for translational vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) research.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental Swine Models for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation and Immunosuppression: A Systematic Review and Case Report of a Novel Heterotopic Hemifacial Swine Model.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Pooled it
- Challenges and opportunities in vascularized composite allotransplantation of joints: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- From Lab to Limb: Unraveling Translational Insights and Significance of Animal Models in Lower Extremity Transplantation.JPRAS open · 2025Review
- Lymph Node Inclusion in a Modified Osteomyocutaneous Allograft for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Establishment and Feasibility Assessment in a Pig Model.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- VCA supercooling in a swine partial hindlimb model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A local drug delivery system prolongs graft survival by dampening T cell infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in vascularized composite allografts.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Transcriptome profiling of immune rejection mechanisms in a porcine vascularized composite allotransplantation model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Machine Perfusion Enables 24-h Preservation of Vascularized Composite Allografts in a Swine Model of Allotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Article
- Continuous versus Pulsatile Flow in 24-Hour Vascularized Composite Allograft Machine Perfusion in Swine: A Pilot Study.The Journal of surgical research · 2023Article
- The Positive Impact of Donor Bone Marrow Cells Transplantation into Immunoprivileged Compartments on the Survival of Vascularized Skin Allografts.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2021Article
- Efficacy of single-agent immunosuppressive regimens in a murine model of vascularized composite allotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2020Article
- Evolution of the rat hind limb transplant as an experimental model of vascularized composite allotransplantation: Approaches and advantages.SAGE open medicine · 2020Article
- A Skin Rejection Grading System for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation in a Preclinical Large Animal Model.Transplantation · 2019Article
- Targeted delivery of immune therapeutics to lymph nodes prolongs cardiac allograft survival.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Article
- Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
- Haplotype Counting for Sensitive Chimerism Testing: Potential for Early Leukemia Relapse Detection.The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD · 2017Article
- Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2016Article
- Ancillary procedures necessary for translational research in experimental craniomaxillofacial surgery.The Journal of craniofacial surgery · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) such as hand and face transplants represent a viable treatment option for complex musculoskeletal trauma and devastating tissue loss. Despite favorable and highly encouraging early and intermediate functional outcomes, rejection of the highly immunogenic skin component of a VCA and potential adverse effects of chronic multi-drug immunosuppression continue to hamper widespread clinical application of VCA. Therefore, research in this novel field needs to focus on translational studies related to unique immunologic features of VCA and to develop novel immunomodulatory strategies for immunomodulation and tolerance induction following VCA without the need for long term immunosuppression. This article describes a reliable and reproducible translational large animal model of VCA that is comprised of an osteomyocutaneous flap in a MHC-defined swine heterotopic hind limb allotransplantation. Briefly, a well-vascularized skin paddle is identified in the anteromedial thigh region using near infrared laser angiography. The underlying muscles, knee joint, distal femur, and proximal tibia are harvested on a femoral vascular pedicle. This allograft can be considered both a VCA and a vascularized bone marrow transplant with its unique immune privileged features. The graft is transplanted to a subcutaneous abdominal pocket in the recipient animal with a skin component exteriorized to the dorsolateral region for immune monitoring. Three surgical teams work simultaneously in a well-coordinated manner to reduce anesthesia and ischemia times, thereby improving efficiency of this model and reducing potential confounders in experimental protocols. This model serves as the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing and potentially eliminating the need for chronic multi-drug immunosuppression in VCA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.