ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Tenascin-C is an innate broad-spectrum, HIV-1-neutralizing protein in breast milk.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global protein profiling of human milk using pre-enriched RNA-sequence libraries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Comprehensive analysis of species-specific differences in fatty acid composition and proteome of milk fat globules in human and animals.Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- The Legacy of COVID-19 in Breast Milk: The Association of Elevated Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Proteins with Vaccination or Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Fucopentaose III Conjugated to Dextran Inhibits HIV Replication in Primary Human Macrophages.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Milk Antiviral Proteins and Derived Peptides against Zoonoses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Breastmilk from COVID-19 negative lactating mothers shows neutralizing activity against SARS-COV-2.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Changes in glycosylated proteins in colostrum and mature milk and their implication.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Extracellular matrix complexity in biomarker studies: a novel assay detecting total serum tenascin-C reveals different distribution to isoform-specific assays.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A virological view of tenascin-C in infection.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2023Review
- TheAnatomy & cell biology · 2022Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Human Milk Reveals Nutritional and Immune Benefits in the Colostrum from Mothers with COVID-19.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Exploring Human Milk Dynamics: Interindividual Variation in Milk Proteome, Peptidome, and Metabolome.Journal of proteome research · 2022Article
- Modeling Innate Antiviral Immunity in Physiological Context.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Review
- Matricellular protein tenascin C: Implications in glioma progression, gliomagenesis, and treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Role of intestinal extracellular matrix-related signaling in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.Virulence · 2021Article
- Tenascin C Has a Modest Protective Effect on Acute Lung Pathology during Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Pneumonia in Mice.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Breast Milk and Saliva Lactoferrin Levels and Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection.American journal of perinatology · 2021Article
- Tenascin-C in Heart Diseases-The Role of Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Achieving an AIDS-free generation will require elimination of postnatal transmission of HIV-1 while maintaining the nutritional and immunologic benefits of breastfeeding for infants in developing regions. Maternal/infant antiretroviral prophylaxis can reduce postnatal HIV-1 transmission, yet toxicities and the development of drug-resistant viral strains may limit the effectiveness of this strategy. Interestingly, in the absence of antiretroviral prophylaxis, greater than 90% of infants exposed to HIV-1 via breastfeeding remain uninfected, despite daily mucosal exposure to the virus for up to 2 y. Moreover, milk of uninfected women inherently neutralizes HIV-1 and prevents virus transmission in animal models, yet the factor(s) responsible for this anti-HIV activity is not well-defined. In this report, we identify a primary HIV-1-neutralizing protein in breast milk, Tenascin-C (TNC). TNC is an extracellular matrix protein important in fetal development and wound healing, yet its antimicrobial properties have not previously been established. Purified TNC captured and neutralized multiclade chronic and transmitted/founder HIV-1 variants, and depletion of TNC abolished the HIV-1-neutralizing activity of milk. TNC bound the HIV-1 Envelope protein at a site that is induced upon engagement of its primary receptor, CD4, and is blocked by V3 loop- (19B and F39F) and chemokine coreceptor binding site-directed (17B) monoclonal antibodies. Our results demonstrate the ability of an innate mucosal host protein found in milk to neutralize HIV-1 via binding to the chemokine coreceptor site, potentially explaining why the majority of HIV-1-exposed breastfed infants are protected against mucosal HIV-1 transmission.
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