ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2014
Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 modulate autonomic control of heart rate and energy metabolism.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mercury Exposure and Heart Rate Variability: a Systematic Review.Current environmental health reports · 2015Pooled it
- Role of β-adrenergic signaling in the development of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Inflammatory Indices in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock, and Their Interconnections with SCAI Stages and Patients' Survival: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- TLR4 deficiency does not alter glaucomatous progression in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Peptide Signaling in Skin Diseases.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2025Review
- Jaranol: a compound with therapeutic activity against pathological cardiac remodelling via multi-target inhibition of the Snai3/TLR2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Biologging in a free-ranging mammal reveals apparent energetic trade-offs among physiological and behavioural components of the acute-phase response.Biology letters · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptors as a missing link in Notch signaling cascade during neurodevelopment.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Dysregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in the sympathetic nervous system accelerates diabetic cardiomyopathy.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- The Relaxin-3 Receptor, RXFP3, Is a Modulator of Aging-Related Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effects of Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition on spatial memory and cell proliferation in male and female adult and aged mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Elevated resting heart rate as a predictor of inflammation and cardiovascular risk in healthy obese individuals.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Correlation between coronary stenosis and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 levels in Chinese Zhuang patients with coronary heart disease.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2019Article
- Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop?Metabolic brain disease · 2019Review
- The Relationship Between Perinatal Mental Health and Stress: a Review of the Microbiome.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Blood Pressure: Lessons From Animal Studies.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- The Toll Pathway in the Central Nervous System of Flies and Mammals.Neuromolecular medicine · 2018Review
- Butyrate regulates inflammatory cytokine expression without affecting oxidative respiration in primary astrocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats.Physiological reports · 2018Article
- Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Adaptive and Pathological Modification by Metabolic States.Cell metabolism · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are innate immune receptors typically activated by microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) during infection or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as a result of tissue injury. Recent findings suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 signaling play important roles in developmental and adult neuroplasticity, and in learning and memory. In addition, activation of TLR2 and TLR4 worsens ischemic injury to the heart and brain in animal models of myocardial infarction and stroke. TLR activation is also implicated in thermoregulation and fever in response to infection. However, it is not known whether TLRs participate in the regulation of the sympathetic and/or parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Here we provide evidence that TLR2 and TLR4 influence autonomic regulation of heart rate (HR) body temperature and energy metabolism in mice. We show that mice lacking TLR2 or TLR4 exhibit reduced basal HR, which results from an increase of parasympathetic tone. In addition, thermoregulatory responses to stress are altered in TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice, and brown fat-dependent thermoregulation is altered in TLR4-/- mice. Moreover, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice consume less food and exhibit a greater mass compared to wild type mice. Collectively, our findings suggest important roles for TLR2 and TLR4 in the ANS regulation of cardiovascular function, thermoregulation, and energy metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.