ArticleExperimental and molecular pathology2014
The liver is populated by a broad spectrum of markers for macrophages. In alcoholic hepatitis the macrophages are M1 and M2.
Article in Experimental and molecular pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals characteristic feature of macrophage reprogramming in liver Mallory-Denk bodies pathogenesis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Metformin Inhibited GSDME to Suppress M2 Macrophage Pyroptosis and Maintain M2 Phenotype to Mitigate Cisplatin-Induced Intestinal Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- A novel experimental model of MetALD in male mice recapitulates key features of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.Hepatology communications · 2024Article
- Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles regulate macrophage polarization: role and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A Pathogenic Role of Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease of Infectious and Non-Infectious Origin.Biology · 2023Review
- Proteomic characterization of four subtypes of M2 macrophages derived from human THP-1 cells.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2022Article
- Exosome-loaded extracellular matrix-mimic hydrogel with anti-inflammatory property Facilitates/promotes growth plate injury repair.Bioactive materials · 2022Article
- Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Metformin and Probiotics Interplay in Amelioration of Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in anMediators of inflammation · 2021Article
- Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and stress: untangling the host immune response from clinical outcomes.Hepatic oncology · 2020Review
- CD14Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- cAMP Signaling in Pathobiology of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Article
- Biomarkers of Macrophage Activation and Immune Danger Signals Predict Clinical Outcomes in Alcoholic Hepatitis.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2019Article
- Review
- Recent Insights Into the Role of Immune Cells in Alcoholic Liver Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- miRNAs Involved in M1/M2 Hyperpolarization Are Clustered and Coordinately Expressed in Alcoholic Hepatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells rescue acute hepatic failure by polarizing M2 macrophages.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Chronic high-dosage fish oil exacerbates gut-liver axis injury in alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice: the roles of endotoxin and IL-4 in Kupffer cell polarization imbalance.Toxicology research · 2017Article
- Gut-liver axis and sterile signals in the development of alcoholic liver disease.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLiver cell injury in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is in part, due to macrophage generated proinflammatory cytokines i.e., M1, M2a, M2b, and M2c might be involved in ALD. The T cell response to chemokines and cytokines differs not only when M1 and M2 macrophages are compared but even when individual M2 subtypes are profiled. PURPOSE: In AH, M1 monocytes in the blood show increased sensitivity in the TNF-α response to LPS. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies showed that the liver sinusoids in ALD are abundantly populated by CD163 expressing type 2 macrophages. In this report, we profile many of the molecules associated with M1 and M2 macrophages in livers with AH using IHC.
methodsUsing immunofluorescent antibody-labeling, we profiled the receptors, cytokines and chemokines observed in M1, M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophages in liver biopsies from patients with AH.
resultsThe increased CD 163 expression found in previous studies was confirmed as well an additional macrophage phenotypic marker CD206, suggesting that AH pathogenesis at least partially involves M2a and M2c macrophages. TGF-β was found to be robustly over expressed by liver sinusoidal macrophages. Macrophage expression of the phenotypic markers TLR-2, TLR-4 and TLR-8 - found in both M1 and M2 macrophages - as well as the chemokines CCL-1 and CCL-18 was found. However, IRF-4, which is related to IL-4 production and M2a polarization as well as the cytokines CCL-1 and Il-1β and the chemokine CXCL-1 were also observed, suggesting that M2a and M2b also play a role in AH pathogenesis.
conclusionLivers with AH show robust macrophage over expression of TGF-β, a growth factor more commonly associated with M2 type macrophages and mostly known for its fibrogenetic properties. However, our immunoprofiling of macrophage over expression also shows that AH is driven by receptors, interferons, and cytokines that are commonly associated not just with M2 macrophages, but with M1 as well. Thus, a complex interplay between different types of macrophages expressing a diverse array of molecules and receptors is involved in AH.
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