ArticleHaematologica2014
Primary cold agglutinin-associated lymphoproliferative disease: a B-cell lymphoma of the bone marrow distinct from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
Article in Haematologica, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02689986 (The CAD5 Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The CAD5 Study::Therapy for Chronic Cold Agglutinin Disease: A Prospective, Non-randomized International Multicenter Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Bendamustine and Rituximab Combination Therapy
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Trial
- Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Unmasked by Cold-Triggered Relapse Following an Initial Diagnosis of Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.International journal of laboratory hematology · 2026Article
- Cold agglutinin disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the evolving therapeutic landscape.Blood research · 2026Review
- Bone Marrow Pathology in Cold Agglutinin-Mediated Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Study of 56 Cases.European journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Complement-Dominant Relapse of Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia After Rituximab Response.EJHaem · 2026Article
- A Case Report of a 14-year-old Boy with Mixed-type Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- A diagnostic pitfall in cold agglutinin disease: KMT2D-mutated CAD-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with a CLL-like immunophenotype.Oxford medical case reports · 2026Article
- Anti-MAG Polyneuropathy: Characterization of the Monoclonal Gammopathy and Clonal B-Cell Population.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological features of primary cold agglutinin disease in the Japanese population: Heterogeneous characteristics and diagnostic challenges.Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH · 2026Article
- The impact of chemoimmunotherapy on primary cold agglutinin disease and Waldenström macroglobulinemia-associated cold agglutinin syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Rituximab combined with lenalidomide for the treatment of marginal zone lymphoma with IgM kappa positivity and cold agglutinin syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and management of cold agglutinin disease.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2025Review
- Real-world efficacy and safety of immunochemotherapy in cold agglutinin-mediated autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.British journal of haematology · 2025Article
- Durable responses and favorable cost-effectiveness of rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy for primary cold agglutinin disease.Blood research · 2025Article
- [Cold agglutinin disease (CAD)].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Real-World Use of Rituximab in the Treatment of Cold Agglutinin Disease in the United States: A Retrospective Study.EJHaem · 2025Article
- Cryoproteins in Non-HCV-Related Autoimmune Disorders: A Serious Cold-Induced Problem.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: advances and challenges.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease is a rare hemolytic disease mediated by monoclonal IGHV4-34-encoded cold agglutinins with a predominant specificity for the blood group antigen I. Bone marrow from 54 patients was studied to type the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder better. Bone marrow biopsies showed circumscribed intra-parenchymatous nodules with small monotonous monoclonal B cells in 40/54 patients (median infiltration: 10% of marrow cells) with a CD20(+), IgMs(+), IgDs(+), CD27(+), CD5(-/+), CD11c(-), CD23(-), CD38(-) immunophenotype. Neither plasmacytoid cytological features nor expression of plasma cell differentiation-associated transcription factors MUM1, XBP1 and BLIMP1 were noted in these B cells. However, a limited number of mature monoclonal IgM(+), IgD(-) plasma cells were present outside the lymphoid nodules and were diffusely scattered throughout the marrow. Of interest, the MYD88 L265P mutation, typical of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, was not detected (17/17 cases). Somatically mutated monoclonal IGHV4-34 gene rearrangement was demonstrated in eight patients with frozen samples (mean sequence homology 95.4%). However, mutations of BCL6 intron 1 were not demonstrated, except in one patient, suggesting that the lymphoma cells had not matured in the germinal center. In conclusion, cold agglutinin-associated lymphoproliferative disease displays homogeneous histological and immunophenotypic features. The absence of plasmacytoid cells, the presence of plasma cells predominantly outside the nodular lymphoid infiltrates, IGHV4-34 restriction and absence of MYD88 L265P mutation strongly suggest that cold agglutinin-associated lymphoproliferative disease is a distinct entity that is different from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.