ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2014
Association between unprotected ultraviolet radiation exposure and recurrence of ocular herpes simplex virus.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Climate Change and the Impact on Ocular Infectious Diseases: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Keeping an eye on climate change? Effects on vision health.Journal of biosciences · 2025Review
- Anxiety and Sun Exposure as Triggers for Herpes Labialis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.International medical case reports journal · 2025Article
- Managing Corneal Infections: Out with the old, in with the new?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Overweight and Obesity as Risk Factors for Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis during Long-Term Antiviral Prophylaxis.Viruses · 2022Article
- Long-term time trends in reactivated herpes simplex infections and treatment in Sweden.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Optineurin in ocular herpes infection.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Impact of Climate Change on Eye Diseases and Associated Economical Costs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Vitamin D Deficiency on Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation: Observational and Genetic Evidence From a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Endemic Population.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and the Risk of Herpes Zoster in Three Prospective Cohort Studies.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2020Article
- Are there differences in immune responses following delivery of vaccines through acutely or chronically sun-exposed compared with sun-unexposed skin?Immunology · 2020Review
- Bilateral viral keratitis following corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2019Article
- Infections in Dupilumab Clinical Trials in Atopic Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Pooled Analysis.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2019Article
- Real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2016Article
- Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15% for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis: background, effectiveness, tolerability, safety, and future applications.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2014Review
- Herpetic Keratitis after Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking with Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A for Keratoconus.Middle East African journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Studies have suggested that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light may increase risk of herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrence. Between 1993 and 1997, the Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) randomized 703 participants with ocular HSV to receipt of acyclovir or placebo for prevention of ocular HSV recurrence. Of these, 308 HEDS participants (48% female and 85% white; median age, 49 years) were included in a nested study of exposures thought to cause recurrence and were followed for up to 15 months. We matched weekly UV index values from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to each participant's study center and used marginal structural Cox models to account for time-varying psychological stress and contact lens use and selection bias from dropout. There were 44 recurrences of ocular HSV, yielding an incidence of 4.3 events per 1,000 person-weeks. Weighted hazard ratios comparing persons with ≥8 hours of time outdoors to those with less exposure were 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 2.63) and 3.10 (95% CI: 1.14, 8.48) for weeks with a UV index of <4 and ≥4, respectively (ratio of hazard ratios = 3.68, 95% CI: 0.43, 31.4). Though results were imprecise, when the UV index was higher (i.e., ≥4), spending 8 or more hours per week outdoors was associated with increased risk of ocular HSV recurrence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.