ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2014
Prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure and risk of uterine leiomyomata in the Nurses' Health Study II.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial disparities in uterine fibroids and endometriosis: a systematic review and application of social, structural, and political context.Fertility and sterility · 2023Pooled it
- Phthalate Metabolite, Mono(2-Ethyl-5-Hydroxyhexyl) Phthalate (MEHHP), Promotes Uterine-Fibroid-Associated Phenotypes in Myometrial Stem Cell-Derived 3D Organoids.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on epigenetic regulation in the uterus: a narrative review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- Shorter Anogenital Distance in Women with Ovarian Endometriomas and Adenomyosis, but Not Uterine Leiomyomas.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and High Sensitive Doppler for Monitoring Outcomes of Uterine Artery Embolization.Academic radiology · 2023Article
- A View on Uterine Leiomyoma Genesis through the Prism of Genetic, Epigenetic and Cellular Heterogeneity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Comprehensive Review of Uterine Fibroids: Developmental Origin, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Uncovering Evidence: Associations between Environmental Contaminants and Disparities in Women's Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Grandmothers' endocrine disruption during pregnancy, low birth weight, and preterm birth in third generation.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Uterine Fibroids and Diet.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Vitamin D Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids.Journal of advanced pharmacy research · 2021Article
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women, men, and animal models.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2021Article
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genome Flexibility: Focus on 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Review
- A nongenomic mechanism for "metalloestrogenic" effects of cadmium in human uterine leiomyoma cells through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor.Archives of toxicology · 2019Article
- Environmental toxins and the impact of other endocrine disrupting chemicals in women's reproductive health.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2019Review
- Association of Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol During Pregnancy With Multigenerational Neurodevelopmental Deficits.JAMA pediatrics · 2018Article
- Animal models of endocrine disruption.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2018Review
- Environmental influences on ovarian dysgenesis - developmental windows sensitive to chemical exposures.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2017Review
- Environmental factors, epigenetics, and developmental origin of reproductive disorders.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies evaluating the association of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), a potent endocrine disruptor, with incidence of uterine leiomyomata (UL) have had conflicting results. We evaluated the association between prenatal DES exposure and incident UL in women in the Nurses' Health Study II from 1989 to 2009. Women were aged 25-42 years at enrollment and had a prenatal exposure window corresponding to DES use. The analytical sample was larger than previous studies and included 102,164 premenopausal women with intact uteri, no prior history of UL or cancer, and prenatal DES exposure. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relationship between DES exposure and UL risk. During 1,273,342 person-years of follow-up, there were 11,831 incident cases of UL. Women with prenatal exposure to DES had a higher incidence of UL compared with unexposed women, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.27). Risk was strongest for women exposed to DES in the first trimester, when exposure corresponds to early stages of fetal Müllerian development (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.43). These results suggest that first-trimester DES exposure may be associated with an increased risk of UL, but they must be interpreted with concern for detection and recall biases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.