ArticleNature immunology2013
The kinase mTOR modulates the antibody response to provide cross-protective immunity to lethal infection with influenza virus.
Article in Nature immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapamycin not dietary restriction improves resilience against pathogens: a meta-analysis.GeroScience · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Sirolimus treatment on patients with β-Thalassemia: Lymphocyte immunophenotype and biological activity of memory CD4Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Trial
- Antibody levels and immune memory in children with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma treated with sirolimus after catch up vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- B cell-intrinsic Ssu72 phosphatase is a key regulator of allergic asthma.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Short-term mTOR inhibition by rapamycin improves cardiac and endothelial function in older men: a proof-of concept pilot study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Viral-host interactions mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.Cell insight · 2026Review
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- PTEN-mTORC2 signaling module controls antibody isotype selection and antiviral humoral immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Prospective study of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in tuberous sclerosis complex children on sirolimus.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Mammalian innate antiviral defenses: beyond interferon.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors and Vaccine Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Activation and maturation of antigen-specific B cells in nonectopic lung infiltrates are independent of germinal center reactions in the draining lymph node.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- mTOR inhibition modulates vaccine-induced immune responses to generate memory T cells in patients with solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Signaling Activation and Modulation in Extrafollicular B Cell Responses.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Follicle-like niches outside the cortex? 3D phase-contrast µCT revealed medullary B cell nodules in mucosa-draining lymph nodes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sirolimus reduces T cell cycling, immune checkpoint marker expression, and HIV-1 DNA in people with HIV.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Bats generate lower affinity but higher diversity antibody responses than those of mice, but pathogen-binding capacity increases if protein is restricted in their diet.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Role of FoxP3Human gene therapy · 2024Review
- B cell focused transient immune suppression protocol for efficient AAV readministration to the liver.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses pose a continuing global threat. Current vaccines will not protect against newly evolved pandemic viruses. The creation of 'universal' vaccines has been unsuccessful because the immunological mechanisms that promote heterosubtypic immunity are incompletely defined. We found here that rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits the kinase mTOR, promoted cross-strain protection against lethal infection with influenza virus of various subtypes when administered during immunization with influenza virus subtype H3N2. Rapamycin reduced the formation of germinal centers and inhibited class switching in B cells, which yielded a unique repertoire of antibodies that mediated heterosubtypic protection. Our data established a requirement for the mTORC1 complex in B cell class switching and demonstrated that rapamycin skewed the antibody response away from high-affinity variant epitopes and targeted more conserved elements of hemagglutinin. Our findings have implications for the design of a vaccine against influenza virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.