ArticleImmunity2013
Th9 Cells Drive Host Immunity against Gastrointestinal Worm Infection.
Article in Immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-9 Is Essential for ILC2-Mediated but Not Th2- and Th17-Cell-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Th9 cells at the intersection of IBD and colorectal cancer: a context-dependent factor in carcinogenesis.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Comparison Between Phenotypic Profile and Functional Aspects of IL-9-Producing Lymphocytes, Th17 and Tfh of Individuals From Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas for Hookworm Infection.Parasite immunology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Interleukin-9 Producing Lymphocytes inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- IL-9 as a naturally orthogonal cytokine with optimal JAK/STAT signaling for engineered T cell therapy.Immunity · 2026Article
- IgG autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid induce a pathogenic MyD88-dependent pro-inflammatory response in keratinocytes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of the Th9/IL-9 axis in atopic dermatitis: analysis of Th9 cells, PU.1 expression and serum IL-9 levels.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Characterization of microRNA Expression Profiles of Murine Female Genital Tracts FollowingMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Metabolic regulation of Th9 cell differentiation: insights for IL-9-driven diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Natural killer cells in skin: a unique opportunity to better characterize the many facets of an overlooked secondary lymphoid organ.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Th9 cells provide protective TB immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sphingosylphosphorylcholine Promotes Th9 Cell Differentiation Through Regulation of Smad3, STAT5, and β-Catenin Pathways.Immune network · 2024Article
- Article
- Activin A Promotes Differentiation of a Pathogenic Multicytokine IL-9-secreting CD4+ T Cell Population.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Insights into the clinical, immunologic, and genetic underpinnings of food allergy.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- TL1A is an epithelial alarmin that cooperates with IL-33 for initiation of allergic airway inflammation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Type 2 inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, drive the characteristic features of immunity against parasitic worms and allergens. Whether IL-9 serves an essential role in the initiation of host-protective responses is controversial, and the importance of IL-9- versus IL-4-producing CD4⁺ effector T cells in type 2 immunity is incompletely defined. Herein, we generated IL-9-deficient and IL-9-fluorescent reporter mice that demonstrated an essential role for this cytokine in the early type 2 immunity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Whereas T helper 9 (Th9) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were major sources of infection-induced IL-9 production, the adoptive transfer of Th9 cells, but not Th2 cells, caused rapid worm expulsion, marked basophilia, and increased mast cell numbers in Rag2-deficient hosts. Taken together, our data show a critical and nonredundant role for Th9 cells and IL-9 in host-protective type 2 immunity against parasitic worm infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.