ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2013
Does Cannabidiol Protect Against Adverse Psychological Effects of THC?
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indications of Cannabinoids for the Palliation of Cancer-Associated Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current oncology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of cannabidiol alone or in combination with Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for the management of substance use disorders: An umbrella review of the evidence.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of standardized cannabis products in healthy volunteers and patients: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Cannabinoids to Improve Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Neurological or Oncological Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2023Pooled it
- Cannabinoids and orthopedic surgery: a systematic review of therapeutic studies.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2021Pooled it
- Risks associated with the non-medicinal use of cannabis.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2015Pooled it
- Medicinal cannabis for symptom control in advanced cancer: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial of 1:1 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Trial
- Same-Day Sedative and Night-Time Sleep Effects Following Combined Cannabinoid Formulations: A Randomised-Controlled Trial.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Trial
- Acute effects of ΔPsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Effects of cannabidiol in cannabis flower: Implications for harm reduction.Addiction biology · 2022Trial
- Effect of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on frontostriatal resting state functional connectivity and subjective euphoric response in healthy young adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Oral medicinal cannabinoids to relieve symptom burden in the palliative care of patients with advanced cancer: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD).BMC palliative care · 2019Trial
- An Exploratory Human Laboratory Experiment Evaluating Vaporized Cannabis in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain From Spinal Cord Injury and Disease.The journal of pain · 2016Trial
- Oral Cannabidiol does not Alter the Subjective, Reinforcing or Cardiovascular Effects of Smoked Cannabis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Toxicity and health effects of delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10-tetrahydrocannabinol and unregulated cannabinoids in vaping products.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Association between cannabis use and major depressive disorder: a population-based cross-sectional study.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Enhancement of cannabidiol oral bioavailability through the development of nanostructured lipid carriers: In vitro and in vivo evaluation studies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Full-spectrum cannabis extracts for women with chronic pain syndromes: a real-life retrospective report of multi-symptomatic benefits after treatment with individually tailored dosage schemes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The Effects of THC and Nicotine on Attention: A Narrative Review.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Cannabinoids for treating psychiatric disorders in youth: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recreational use of cannabis can have persistent adverse effects on mental health. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, and most, if not all, of the effects associated with the use of cannabis are caused by THC. Recent studies have suggested a possible protective effect of another cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD). A literature search was performed in the bibliographic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science using the keyword "cannabidiol." After removing duplicate entries, 1295 unique titles remained. Based on the titles and abstracts, an initial selection was made. The reference lists of the publications identified in this manner were examined for additional references. Cannabis is not a safe drug. Depending on how often someone uses, the age of onset, the potency of the cannabis that is used and someone's individual sensitivity, the recreational use of cannabis may cause permanent psychological disorders. Most recreational users will never be faced with such persistent mental illness, but in some individuals cannabis use leads to undesirable effects: cognitive impairment, anxiety, paranoia, and increased risks of developing chronic psychosis or drug addiction. Studies examining the protective effects of CBD have shown that CBD can counteract the negative effects of THC. However, the question remains of how the laboratory results translate to the types of cannabis that are encountered by real-world recreational users.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.