ReviewFrontiers in physiology2013
Heart rate variability in normal and pathological sleep.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 158 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Pectus Excavatum.
Cereset Research Exploratory Study
Cereset Research To Reduce Stress In Healthcare Workers In The Time Of COVID-19
Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Cereset Research For Chronic Nausea
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the prevalence of fatigue in common mental disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and trauma and stressor related disorders).BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Heart rate variability in patients with insomnia disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Pooled it
- Measures of cardiovascular autonomic activity in insomnia disorder: A systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of transcranial pulsed current stimulation on sleep quality in Student-Athletes with different types of sleep disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Sleep and cardiac autonomic modulation in older adults: Insights from an at-home study with auditory deep sleep stimulation.Journal of sleep research · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System Function During Sleep by Mindful Breathing Using a Tablet Device: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR nursing · 2024Trial
- A Closer Look at Yoga Nidra: Sleep Lab Protocol.International journal of yoga therapy · 2021Trial
- Melatonin Therapy Improves Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Pinealectomized Patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Trial
- Strengthening sleep-autonomic interaction via acoustic enhancement of slow oscillations.Sleep · 2019Trial
- Implications of Wearable Sleep Health Technology for Cardiovascular Health Assessment and Interventions: A Narrative Review.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- A reporting checklist for human and animal heart rate variability research.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Associations Between Autonomic Function, Sleep Quality, and Daily Fatigue and Energy Symptoms in Long COVID: Longitudinal Digital Health Study.JMIR cardio · 2026Observational
- Nocturnal Autonomic Dysregulation and Admission-Window Clinical Suicide-Risk Assessment in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- A soft wearable near-infrared spectroscopy system for detecting brain water dynamics linked to glymphatic activity during sleep.Science advances · 2026Article
- Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Vagal modulation in pediatric disorders of gut-brain interaction: the role of 24 h heart rate variability.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in sleep deprivation.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Mechanisms Linking Insomnia and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Staging From Oximetry and Photoplethysmography-SleepAI.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological process involving different biological systems, from molecular to organ level; its integrity is essential for maintaining health and homeostasis in human beings. Although in the past sleep has been considered a state of quiet, experimental and clinical evidences suggest a noteworthy activation of different biological systems during sleep. A key role is played by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), whose modulation regulates cardiovascular functions during sleep onset and different sleep stages. Therefore, an interest on the evaluation of autonomic cardiovascular control in health and disease is growing by means of linear and non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) analyses. The application of classical tools for ANS analysis, such as HRV during physiological sleep, showed that the rapid eye movement (REM) stage is characterized by a likely sympathetic predominance associated with a vagal withdrawal, while the opposite trend is observed during non-REM sleep. More recently, the use of non-linear tools, such as entropy-derived indices, have provided new insight on the cardiac autonomic regulation, revealing for instance changes in the cardiovascular complexity during REM sleep, supporting the hypothesis of a reduced capability of the cardiovascular system to deal with stress challenges. Interestingly, different HRV tools have been applied to characterize autonomic cardiac control in different pathological conditions, from neurological sleep disorders to sleep disordered breathing (SDB). In summary, linear and non-linear analysis of HRV are reliable approaches to assess changes of autonomic cardiac modulation during sleep both in health and diseases. The use of these tools could provide important information of clinical and prognostic relevance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.