ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2013
Calorie labeling, fast food purchasing and restaurant visits.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic position and the effect of energy labelling on consumer behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Pooled it
- Equity Effects of Dietary Nudging Field Experiments: Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Environmental Interventions to Reduce the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Abridged Cochrane Systematic Review.Obesity facts · 2020Pooled it
- Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Food Labeling Effects on Consumer Diet Behaviors and Industry Practices.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Calorie Labeling and Modified Calorie Labeling Interventions: Impact on Consumer and Restaurant Behavior.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of interventions to promote healthier ready-to-eat meals (to eat in, to take away or to be delivered) sold by specific food outlets open to the general public: a systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Menu labelling is effective in reducing energy ordered and consumed: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies.Public health nutrition · 2016Pooled it
- Calorie-labelling: does it impact on calorie purchase in catering outlets and the views of young adults?International journal of obesity (2005) · 2015Pooled it
- Evaluating Propensity Score Methods in a Quasi-Experimental Study of the Impact of Menu-Labeling.PloS one · 2015Trial
- The Physiology of the WEight-Reduced State (POWERS) study: environmental, psychological, and social determinants of health.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Assessing the impact of a mandatory calorie labelling policy in out-of-home food outlets in England on consumer behaviour: a natural experimental study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Menu Labeling and Calories Purchased in Restaurants in a US National Fast Food Chain.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- A multi-country comparison of jurisdictions with and without mandatory nutrition labelling policies in restaurants: analysis of behaviours associated with menu labelling in the 2019 International Food Policy Study.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Assessment of Calories Purchased After Calorie Labeling of Prepared Foods in a Large Supermarket Chain.JAMA internal medicine · 2022Article
- The Impact of Nutrition Labelling on Customer Buying Intention and Behaviours in Fast Food Operations: Some Implications for Public Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Promoting healthy eating in Latin American restaurants: a qualitative survey of views held by owners and staff.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Changes in the calorie and nutrient content of purchased fast food meals after calorie menu labeling: A natural experiment.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
- The Differential Effects of Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labeling on Consumer Preferences for Healthy and Unhealthy Food Products: Evidence from a Choice Experiment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveObesity is a pressing public health problem without proven population-wide solutions. Researchers sought to determine whether a city-mandated policy requiring calorie labeling at fast food restaurants was associated with consumer awareness of labels, calories purchased and fast food restaurant visits. DESIGN AND
methodsDifference-in-differences design, with data collected from consumers outside fast food restaurants and via a random digit dial telephone survey, before (December 2009) and after (June 2010) labeling in Philadelphia (which implemented mandatory labeling) and Baltimore (matched comparison city). Measures included: self-reported use of calorie information, calories purchased determined via fast food receipts, and self-reported weekly fast-food visits.
resultsThe consumer sample was predominantly Black (71%), and high school educated (62%). Postlabeling, 38% of Philadelphia consumers noticed the calorie labels for a 33% point (P < 0.001) increase relative to Baltimore. Calories purchased and number of fast food visits did not change in either city over time.
conclusionsWhile some consumers report noticing and using calorie information, no population level changes were noted in calories purchased or fast food visits. Other controlled studies are needed to examine the longer term impact of labeling as it becomes national law.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.